{"id":3239,"date":"2021-02-20T00:31:29","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T23:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/?p=3239"},"modified":"2021-02-20T19:52:05","modified_gmt":"2021-02-20T18:52:05","slug":"proc-nemci-neobsadili-murmansk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/02\/20\/proc-nemci-neobsadili-murmansk\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d N\u011bmci neobsadili Murmansk?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o Velk\u00e9 vlasteneck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, mluv\u00ed se hlavn\u011b o blok\u00e1d\u011b Leningradu, o R\u017eevsk\u00e9m kotli, o bitv\u011b u Moskvy, o bitv\u011b u Stalingradu, o obran\u011b Sevastopolu atd., ale n\u011bjak se zapom\u00edn\u00e1 na t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 boje na severu zem\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ale po celou dobu zde proplouvaly arktick\u00e9 konvoje Spojenc\u016f, prob\u00edhaly n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitvy v Baltsk\u00e9m a Severn\u00edm mo\u0159i, a d\u00edky programu Lend-Lease (dod\u00e1vky zbo\u017e\u00ed a zbran\u00ed od Spojenc\u016f), co\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jen d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee N\u011bmci a Finov\u00e9 nikdy nebyli schopni zajmout a zni\u010dit jedin\u00fd severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav SSSR na severu – Murmansk. Jinak by se osud Leningradu stal je\u0161t\u011b tragi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, a pro celou frontu by byla ztr\u00e1ta Murmanska nenapraviteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 byla n\u011bmeck\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva na severu zastavena d\u00edky proti\u00fatoku Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed divize Lidov\u00fdch milic\u00ed. Jej\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed bylo velmi pestr\u00e9: oby\u010dejn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci, p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed naklada\u010di, ryb\u00e1\u0159i, oprav\u00e1\u0159i lod\u00ed a … politi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bzni a zlo\u010dinci, kte\u0159\u00ed dostali p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost napravit sv\u00e9 h\u0159\u00edchy na front\u011b. Ale nemyslete si, \u017ee to byl typick\u00fd trestn\u00fd prapor. Byly to pr\u00e1v\u011b milice dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, kde se nerozli\u0161ovalo mezi jednotlivci.<\/p>\n

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Charakteristick\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se do jej\u00edch \u0159ad p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo 5 715 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a 7 650 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Bojovali (bez vojensk\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed) celkem odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b, a n\u011bkdy i neuv\u00e1\u017een\u011b. N\u011bmci ze slavn\u00e9 divize horsk\u00fdch myslivc\u016f \u201eEdelweiss\u201c se t\u00e9to divize b\u00e1li jako ohe\u0148. P\u0159i bajonetov\u00e9m \u00fatoku zp\u016fsobili voj\u00e1ci pol\u00e1rn\u00ed divize N\u011bmc\u016fm ani ne fyzick\u00e9 \u0161kody jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed. Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci a v\u011bzni v bitv\u011b bojovali do posledn\u00edho n\u00e1boje a neustoupili ani o krok. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee N\u011bmci tuto divizi nazvali \u201edivokou\u201c.<\/p>\n

Po dobu 3 let, po\u010d\u00ednaje z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm 1941, se N\u011bmci d\u00edky \u201edivok\u00e9\u201c pol\u00e1rn\u00ed divizi nedok\u00e1zali p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit k Murmansku ani o metr. Nav\u00edc na sov\u011btsko-finsk\u00fdch hranic\u00edch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zatla\u010dit finsk\u00e9 jednotky zp\u011bt na jejich b\u00fdval\u00e9 hranice a zabr\u00e1nit jim v od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed \u017eeleznice Kirov. Zde se hrd\u011b py\u0161n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na poloostrov\u011b Kola byla n\u011bmeck\u00e1 bleskov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka poprv\u00e9 zma\u0159ena.<\/p>\n

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Nacist\u016fm se nepoda\u0159ilo dob\u00fdt Murmansk, nedos\u00e1hli ani blok\u00e1dy m\u011bsta, m\u011bstem v\u0161ak pro\u0161ly karavany n\u00e1klad\u016f od Spojenc\u016f a nacist\u00e9 se na to nemohli klidn\u011b d\u00edvat. Hitler na\u0159\u00eddil bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta. A proto\u017ee byl ze 2\/3 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd, byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010den. V roce 1942 to bylo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pro obyvatele hrdinn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Pokud jde o po\u010det shozen\u00fdch bomb, byl Murmansk na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b za Stalingradem. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee po v\u00e1lce byl Murmansk za\u0159azen do prvn\u00ed des\u00edtky prioritn\u00edch m\u011bst pro obnovu.<\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Arktida nebude obsazena, N\u011bmci se za\u010dali p\u0159ipravovat na tvrdou obranu okupovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Bylo pro n\u011b obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 udr\u017eovat oblast Pechenga pobl\u00ed\u017e norsk\u00fdch hranic, kde byla lo\u017eiska niklu (nutn\u00fdch pro taven\u00ed panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e9 oceli). Ani to jim v\u0161ak nevy\u0161lo. N\u011bmci se zde p\u0159ipravovali na obranu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 roky, a za t\u0159i t\u00fddny byli pora\u017eeni. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska poprv\u00e9 v Arktid\u011b pou\u017eila v boji t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 tanky KV2, a osvobodila Norsko od nacist\u016f.<\/p>\n

300 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f a bojovn\u00edk\u016f z\u00edskalo medaili \u201eZa obranu sov\u011btsk\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Obrovskou roli p\u0159i z\u00e1chran\u011b Murmanska sehr\u00e1l tehdej\u0161\u00ed velitel severn\u00ed flotily Arsenij Grigorjevi\u010d Golovko<\/strong> (1906-1962), kter\u00fd v rozporu od rozkazu zachovat klid, vydal rozkaz k pln\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 pohotovosti Severn\u00ed flotily u\u017e 21. \u010dervna 1941. D\u00edky tomu nacistick\u00fd \u00fatok na flotilu nebyl tak katastrofick\u00fd jako v jin\u00fdch sektorech fronty. N\u011bmci nav\u00edc nevyu\u017eili v Arktid\u011b moment p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee zah\u00e1jili ofenz\u00edvu a\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed po za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o Velk\u00e9 vlasteneck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, mluv\u00ed se hlavn\u011b o blok\u00e1d\u011b Leningradu, o R\u017eevsk\u00e9m kotli, o bitv\u011b u Moskvy,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[51,47,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3239"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3245,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3239\/revisions\/3245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}