{"id":326,"date":"2009-04-14T18:09:23","date_gmt":"2009-04-14T16:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/04\/14\/aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-7\/"},"modified":"2009-04-14T18:09:23","modified_gmt":"2009-04-14T16:09:23","slug":"aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/04\/14\/aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-7\/","title":{"rendered":"AKTU\u00c1LN\u00cd IDEOLOGICKO-POLITICK\u00c9 OT\u00c1ZKY MKH (7)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Z\u00e1v\u011bry t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdstavby socialismu ve 20. stolet\u00ed. Aktu\u00e1lnost\u00a0 socialismu <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti, v\u00edce ne\u017e kdy jindy, se je\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u011bji projevuje pot\u0159eba vyvodit objektivn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry o socialismu 20. stolet\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z pozice v\u011bdeck\u00e9 teorie socialismu – komunismu. Bez takov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed, i p\u0159esto, \u017ee toto bude m\u00edt nad\u00e1le ur\u010dit\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 znovusoust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provedeno celkov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed strategie revolu\u010dn\u00edho d\u011blnick\u00e9ho, komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Tato problematika se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech komunistick\u00fdch stran, a\u0165 ji\u017e funguj\u00ed v jak\u00fdchkoliv podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. KS\u0158 hodnot\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 opatrnost v procesu hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed kontrarevoluce se rovn\u00e1 agnostick\u00e9mu postoji, nebo\u0165 ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor antikomunistick\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm bur\u017eoazn\u00ed ideologie a oportunismu. T\u00edmto t\u00e9matem se bude zab\u00fdvat tak\u00e9 18. sjezd KS\u0158, kter\u00fd s bude konat v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch od 18. do 22. \u00fanora 2009. <\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161ich n\u00e1zor\u016f, na z\u00e1klad\u011b zkoum\u00e1ni p\u0159\u00ed\u010din por\u00e1\u017eky SSSR je nutn\u00e9 soust\u0159edit pozornost na opat\u0159en\u00ed a rozhodnut\u00ed, jejich\u017e aplikace zpochybnila nebo podlomila charakter socialistick\u00e9 moci a socialistick\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, \u010di jinak negativn\u011b fungovaly v r\u00e1mci tvorby jednotn\u00e9 strategie komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed proti imperialismu. Dle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru, studuj\u00edce ot\u00e1zky por\u00e1\u017eky SSSR, se mus\u00edme zam\u011b\u0159it na ten fakt, \u017ee v b\u00fdval\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch zem\u00edch byla kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bna vedena ze strany komunistick\u00fdch, ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch, st\u00e1tn\u00edch, vl\u00e1dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e9 potvrzuje, \u017ee: oportunismus ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji, speci\u00e1ln\u011b v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho boje zavr\u0161uje sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoj p\u0159em\u011bnou v kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edlu. Imperialistick\u00e9 obkli\u010d n\u00ed socialistick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edstavovalo velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a rozpor\u016f. Linie m\u00edrov\u00e9ho sou\u017eit\u00ed, jak se rozvinula v prvn\u00edch pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch letech do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry na XIX. (\u0159\u00edjen 1952), ale hlavn\u011b pak n XX. sjezdu KSSS (\u00fanor 1956), dovolila p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed utopistick\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9, aby kapitalismus upustil od v\u00e1lek a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Rozhodnut\u00ed o seberozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 3. Komunistick\u00e9 internacion\u00e1ly (kv\u011bten – \u010derven 1943) znamenalo absenci centra zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed strategie na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni proti imperialistick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Nesm\u00ed n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 uniknout, \u017ee podstatn\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem kapitalismu a socialismu-komunismu je, \u017ee kapitalismus se zrodil z feudalismu, zat\u00edmco socialismus-komunismus se nem\u016f\u017ee zrodit z kapitalismu, nebo\u0165 je v rozporu s ka\u017edou formou vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto revolu\u010dn\u00ed d\u011blnick\u00e1 moc mus\u00ed radik\u00e1l n\u011b svrhnout a zm\u011bnit v\u0161echny spole\u010densk\u00e9 vztahy, kter\u00e9 zd\u011bd\u00ed od kapitalismu, mus\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011ble vybudovat nov\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 antagonismy ve prosp\u011bch budov\u00e1n\u00ed socialistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n

Rozvoj teorie v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho socialismu-komunismu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm a nejprve komunistick\u00fdmi stranami je nutn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem socialistick\u00e9ho budov\u00e1n\u00ed S touto povinnost\u00ed se bohu\u017eel nevyrovnaly se ct\u00ed strany, kter\u00fdm se poda\u0159il dostat se k moci. Naopak od XX. sjezdu KSSS v roce 1956 byly postupn\u011b voleny chybn\u00e9 kroky k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, chybn\u011b byly aplikov\u00e1n teoretick\u00e9 znalosti, projevily se oportunistick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy v ekonomick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e, je\u017e se p\u0159esunuly i na \u00farove\u0148 socialistick\u00e9 moci a na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vztahy. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pod z\u00e1minkou boje proti kultu osobnosti zapo\u010dala kampa\u0148 proti politice sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v dob\u011b Stalinov\u011b, byla otev\u0159ena cesta k velk\u00e9m obratu sm\u011brem k oportunismu, kam bylo sta\u017eeno cel\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. M\u00edsto, aby byly posilov\u00e1ny socialistick\u00e9 vztahy ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed, byly posilov\u00e1ny vztahy tr\u017en\u00ed, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b kapitalistick\u00e9. Za\u010dalo ustupovat centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a bylo posilov\u00e1no soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f soukrom\u00e9 a dru\u017estevn\u00ed produkce se prod\u00e1vala voln\u011b na trhu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e stoupaly ceny. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla nerovnost v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. Existovala snaha legalizovat prost\u0159edky z\u00edskan\u00e9 z nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed se a tento tzv. st\u00ednov\u00fd kapit\u00e1l zapojit do ob\u011bhu, coby tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se kapit\u00e1l, prakticky \u0161lo o snahy o znovunastolen\u00ed kapitalismu. Strana sama pos\u00edlila oportunistick\u00e9 sm\u011bry uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159echod na pozice soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. <\/p>\n

Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u0158ecka hodnot\u00ed, \u017ee kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny let 1989-1991, i p\u0159es zhor\u0161en\u00ed pom\u011bru sil, je\u017e p\u0159inesly, nemohou zpochybnit charakter doby, coby doby p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k socialismu, je\u017e symbolicky otev\u0159ela V\u0158SR. Snahy na\u0161ich ideologicko-politick\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel spekulovat o kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00edch procesech a probouzet n\u00e1zory, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo \u010di nep\u0159\u00edmo zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed historick\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady V\u0158SR, se ve skute\u010dnosti zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na to, aby zpochybnily Leninovu teorii o slab\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku imperialistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce. <\/p>\n

Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd spole\u010densko-ekonomick\u00fd syst\u00e9m se neprosadil jednoduch\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, nar\u00e1z, jedn\u00edm z\u00e1sahem, ani s\u00e1m kapitalismus bojuj\u00edc\u00ed s feudalismem, p\u0159es tvrzen\u00ed ideologicko-politick\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f bur\u017eoazie, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161el konec historie, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 socialismus nutn\u00fdm a aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm. Nutnost a aktu\u00e1lnost socialismu vyv\u011br\u00e1 ze samotn\u00fdch antagonism\u016f kapitalistick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z faktu, \u017ee kapitalismus vytvo\u0159il materi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady k p\u0159echodu lidstva k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu spole\u010denskoekonomick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, i kdy\u017e dnes se jakoby tento proces zpomaloval z d\u016fvodu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho pom\u011bru sil, kdy kapitalistick\u00e9 s\u00edly vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem, \u017ee jsou neporaziteln\u00e9. Imperialismus je dnes siln\u00fd, ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je neporaziteln\u00fd. <\/p>\n

D\u011blnick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda a chud\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 vrstvy nez\u016fstanou tr\u010det v minulosti. V na\u0161em Programu vyjad\u0159ujeme nezlomn\u00fd optimismus, \u017ee \u201e21. stolet\u00ed bude stolet\u00edm znovuvykrystalizov\u00e1n\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00edch sil, odra\u017een\u00ed \u00fatoku mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edho proti\u00fatoku. Vstoupili jsme do stolet\u00ed nov\u00e9ho rozkv\u011btu celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho revolu\u010dn\u00edho hnut\u00ed a nov\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch revoluc\u00ed." <\/p>\n

P\u0159eklad z \u0159e\u010dtiny: V\u011bra Klontza-Jaklov\u00e1 (Pozn. p\u0159ekladatelky: cit\u00e1ty jsou p\u0159elo\u017eeny z \u0159e\u010dtiny)<\/em> <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br <\/p>\n

Kol. aut.: K aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed problematice jednoty komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Sborn\u00edk vystoupen\u00ed na XXV. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 teoreticko-politick\u00e9 konferenci s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed. Vyd. Orego, Praha 2008
<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1v\u011bry t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdstavby socialismu ve 20. stolet\u00ed. Aktu\u00e1lnost\u00a0 socialismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[13],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}