{"id":3396,"date":"2023-02-07T00:30:02","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T23:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/?p=3396"},"modified":"2023-02-08T23:37:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T22:37:57","slug":"historie-irskeho-otroctvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2023\/02\/07\/historie-irskeho-otroctvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie irsk\u00e9ho otroctv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Z d\u011bjin anglick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Historie irsk\u00e9ho otroctv\u00ed v Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b b\u011bhem 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed je temn\u00fdm a velmi \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm obdob\u00edm, o kter\u00e9m se skoro nev\u00ed. A proto je t\u0159eba o n\u011bm mluvit a st\u00e1le toto t\u00e9ma p\u0159ipom\u00ednat.<\/p>\n<p>Obchod s irsk\u00fdmi otroky za\u010dal v roce 1626, kdy\u017e anglick\u00fd Jakub II. prodal 30 000 irsk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f jako otroky do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jeho zn\u00e1m\u00e1 Proklamace z roku 1625 obsahuje po\u017eadavek, aby byli ir\u0161t\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bzni posl\u00e1ni do z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed a prod\u00e1ni anglick\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm v Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Indii. V polovin\u011b roku 1600 u\u017e byli Irov\u00e9 hlavn\u00edmi otroky prod\u00e1van\u00fdmi do Antiguy a Montserratu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u00e9 dob\u011b tvo\u0159ili 70 % celkov\u00e9 populace Montserratu pr\u00e1v\u011b ir\u0161t\u00ed otroci. Irsko se rychle stalo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem lidsk\u00e9ho dobytka pro anglick\u00e9 obchodn\u00edky a v\u011bt\u0161ina prvn\u00edch otrok\u016f Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta byla ve skute\u010dnosti b\u00edl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Anglii 1642 a\u017e 1649, kdy se Irov\u00e9 p\u0159idali na stranu kr\u00e1le, bylo Angli\u010dany zabito p\u0159es 500 000 Ir\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch 300 000 bylo prod\u00e1no do otroctv\u00ed. Populace Irska d\u00edky tomu klesla z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 500 000 na 600 000 obyvatel b\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho desetilet\u00ed. Irsk\u00e9 rodiny byly roztrhan\u00e9 na kusy, proto\u017ee Britov\u00e9 nedovolili irsk\u00fdm otc\u016fm, aby s sebou p\u0159es Atlantik vzali sv\u00e9 man\u017eelky a d\u011bti. To vedlo k tomu, \u017ee Irsko bylo pln\u00e9 bezmocn\u00fdch \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed bez domova a jedin\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm vy\u0159e\u0161it tento probl\u00e9m bylo prodat je do otroctv\u00ed tak\u00e9. B\u011bhem 50. let 17. stolet\u00ed bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 irsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku 10 a\u017e 14 let odebr\u00e1no sv\u00fdm rodi\u010d\u016fm a prod\u00e1no do otroctv\u00ed v Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Indii, Virginii a Nov\u00e9 Anglii. V tomto desetilet\u00ed bylo na Barbados a do Virginie prod\u00e1no 52 000 Ir\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se v\u011bt\u0161inou jednalo o \u017eeny a d\u011bti. Dal\u0161\u00edch 30 000 irsk\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een bylo tak\u00e9 p\u0159evezeno a prod\u00e1no na Floridu. V roce 1656 Cromwell na\u0159\u00eddil, aby bylo 2000 bezprizorn\u00edch irsk\u00fdch odvezeno na Jamajku a prod\u00e1no jako otroci anglick\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>V 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed to pokra\u010dovalo a Irsko bylo st\u00e1le nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem otrok\u016f pro anglick\u00e9 obchodn\u00edky v Americe. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se obchod s africk\u00fdmi otroky teprve rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl a je dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1no, \u017ee s africk\u00fdmi otroky, jejich\u017e n\u00e1kup byl dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a nebyli vid\u011bni jako poskvrn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00e1vid\u011bnou katolickou teologi\u00ed, se \u010dasto zach\u00e1zelo l\u00e9pe ne\u017e s jejich irsk\u00fdmi prot\u011bj\u0161ky.<\/p>\n<p>Koncem 17. stolet\u00ed se afri\u010dt\u00ed otroci prod\u00e1vali za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 \u0161terlink\u016f, zat\u00edmco ir\u0161t\u00ed otroci se \u010dasto prod\u00e1vali pouze za 5 \u0161terlink\u016f. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed asi bylo, \u017ee Britov\u00e9 za\u010dali s p\u0159\u00edjezdem prvn\u00edch Afri\u010dan\u016f nutit irsk\u00e9 \u017eeny a d\u00edvky t\u00edm, aby se mno\u017eily s africk\u00fdmi mu\u017ei, proto\u017ee mulati byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rasu a m\u011bli d\u00edky tomu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n<p>Tato praxe pokra\u010dovala n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed, dokud nebyla v roce 1681 p\u0159ijata legislativa, kter\u00e1 ji zakazovala. Nebylo to z dobroty lidsk\u00e9ho srdce, ale jen proto, \u017ee tato praxe mno\u017een\u00ed naru\u0161ovala zisky velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed na p\u0159epravu otrok\u016f. Irsk\u00e9 otroctv\u00ed skon\u010dilo za\u010d\u00e1tkem 19. stolet\u00ed a je dal\u0161\u00ed obrovskou hanbou britsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Obr. Lewis W. Hine: Breaker Boys (1910) \u2013 zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed a d\u011btsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se Ir\u016f evidentn\u011b net\u00fdkalo.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z d\u011bjin anglick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[79],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3396"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3399,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions\/3399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}