{"id":404,"date":"2008-06-30T17:43:13","date_gmt":"2008-06-30T15:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/sudety-odsun-nebo-vyhnani-1\/"},"modified":"2008-06-30T17:43:13","modified_gmt":"2008-06-30T15:43:13","slug":"sudety-odsun-nebo-vyhnani-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/sudety-odsun-nebo-vyhnani-1\/","title":{"rendered":"SUDETY &#8211; ODSUN NEBO VYHN\u00c1N\u00cd ? (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"logo\" title=\"logo\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"100\" height=\"65\" align=\"left\" \/>Historie \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v 19. stolet\u00ed  <\/p>\n<p> PO\u010c\u00c1TKY OS\u00cdDLEN\u00cd \u010cESK\u00ddCH ZEM\u00cd N\u011aMCI <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p> Osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem se datuje zejm\u00e9na do 12 &#8211; 13 stolet\u00ed, kdy dos\u00e1hlo sv\u00e9ho vrcholu. Ji\u017e toto osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zat\u00ed\u017eeno jak v \u010desk\u00e9m, tak v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m d\u011bjepisectv\u00ed nacion\u00e1ln\u00edmi emocemi. Zat\u00edmco u N\u011bmc\u016f asocioval pojem &quot;n\u011bmeck\u00e1 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kolonizace&quot; (jak toto obdob\u00ed s oblibou zvi. v 19. st. naz\u00fdvali) my\u0161lenku velk\u00e9ho \u010dinu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, ze slovansk\u00e9 strany se oz\u00fdvaly v\u00fdtky stran n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1poru na v\u00fdchod a z\u00e1plavy cizinc\u016f spojen\u00e9 s osidlov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed. Oprost\u00edme-li se od nacion\u00e1ln\u00edch pohnutek, ch\u00e1peme tuto ud\u00e1lost, je\u017e zp\u016fsobila roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00e9 kultury na \u00fazem\u00ed ob\u00fdvan\u00e1 pobaltsk\u00fdmi a z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00fdmi kmeny a p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnila zapojen\u00ed na\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed do st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho kontextu, jako velkolep\u00fd \u010din, jen\u017e polo\u017eil z\u00e1klad pro historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj st\u0159edo v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost. <\/p>\n<p> N\u011bmci byli zv\u00e1ni vrchnosti do zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed st\u0159edov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy aby zde zapo\u010dali obd\u011bl\u00e1vat p\u016fdu. Vrchnost si od tohoto \u010dinu slibovala v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy plynouc\u00ed z poplatk\u016f. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 osidlovac\u00ed pr\u00e1vo (ius Theutonicum) sk\u00fdtalo novousedl\u00edk\u016fm mnoh\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Ji\u017e ve 12. st. byla z doln\u00edho Rakouska os\u00eddlena ji\u017en\u00ed Morava, ve 13. st. dorazilo bavorsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed a\u017e na severn\u00ed Moravu a do Slezska. V centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 oblasti se N\u011bmci us\u00eddlili na \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b. \u010cesk\u00fd les a Chebsko os\u00eddlili zejm\u00e9na bavor\u0161t\u00ed novousedl\u00edci. Z Dury\u0148ska a Saska t\u00e1hli sedl\u00e1ci a \u0159emesln\u00edci do severn\u00edch \u010cech. Ze Slezska p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli kolonist\u00e9 do v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech. V d\u016fsledku osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikly v \u010cech\u00e1ch rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 oblasti v nich\u017e pozd\u011bji doch\u00e1zelo k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed a v mnoh\u00fdch oblastech se tak d\u011blo na \u00fakor N\u011bmc\u016f. Kolem roku 1400 spojoval je\u0161t\u011b jazykov\u00e9 ostr\u016fvky s uzav\u0159en\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm v Sudetech \u0161irok\u00fd jazykov\u00fd most, jen\u017e se v\u0161ak v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed zcela rozdrobil. Jazykov\u00e1 hranice vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 na konci st\u0159edov\u011bku odpov\u00eddala zhruba pom\u011br\u016fm z roku 1944, pouze v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 16. &#8211; 17. st. posunula zhruba o 30 km na v\u00fdchod. Ji\u017e v t\u00e9to dob\u011b zapo\u010daly n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed t\u0159enice, kter\u00e9 stup\u0148ovaly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, je\u017e vyvrcholilo v husitsk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<p> Po ukon\u010den\u00ed tohoto osidlovac\u00edho procesu se \u010cechy a Morava staly zem\u00ed dvou n\u00e1rod\u016f a za\u010dalo tak bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cech\u016f a N\u011bmc\u016f. P\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed N\u011bmc\u016f, kter\u00e9 nastoupilo po por\u00e1\u017ece na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e roku 1618, potla\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u010deskou stranu politicky, hospod\u00e1\u0159sky i kulturn\u011b, vyvolal opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd odpor a snahy \u010desk\u00e9 strany o emancipaci. To vedlo k vzniku oboustrann\u00e9ho nacionalismu, kter\u00fd vnesl do vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho sou\u017eit\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 konflikty a nevra\u017eivost, je\u017e se neurovnaly ani na konci stolet\u00ed dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n<p> Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historie \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v 19. stolet\u00ed PO\u010c\u00c1TKY OS\u00cdDLEN\u00cd \u010cESK\u00ddCH ZEM\u00cd N\u011aMCI<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[83,82],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/404"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=404"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/404\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}