{"id":415,"date":"2008-06-30T23:32:14","date_gmt":"2008-06-30T21:32:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-4\/"},"modified":"2008-06-30T23:32:14","modified_gmt":"2008-06-30T21:32:14","slug":"co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Co vedlo k tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9mu mostu\u201c (4)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"logo\" title=\"logo\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"100\" height=\"65\" align=\"left\" \/>Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu Berl\u00edna. Jak to bylo ve skute\u010dnosti? Na to odpov\u00edme kapitolami z knihy norsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Alberta Nordena \u201eTak se d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00e1lky.\u201c   <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p> Ale inici\u00e1to\u0159i rozd\u011blen\u00ed m\u011bli jin\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny. Cht\u011bli i na \u00fazem\u00ed Berl\u00edna prov\u00e9st m\u011bnovou reformu, tajn\u011b p\u0159ipravenou v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku, a cel\u00fd Berl\u00edn tak p\u0159ipojit k pr\u00e1v\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmu separ\u00e1tn\u00edmu bonnsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. Dne 23. \u010dervna 1948 poru\u0161ily z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti p\u00edsemn\u00fd slib, j\u00edm\u017e se jejich z\u00e1stupci p\u0159ed p\u011bti dny zav\u00e1zali, \u017ee v Berl\u00edn\u011b nebude zavedena separ\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u011bna. <\/p>\n<p> Dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u011bny a izolace jedn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta od jej\u00edho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1zem\u00ed m\u011bly hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Berl\u00edna p\u0159iv\u00e9st na pokraj zhroucen\u00ed.<br \/> B\u011bhem zased\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho parlamentu dne 23. \u010dervna se p\u0159ed budovou radnice se\u0161ly tis\u00edce ob\u010dan\u016f a \u0159ada delegac\u00ed ze z\u00e1vod\u016f. 26. srpna se shrom\u00e1\u017edilo p\u0159es 50 000 Berl\u00ed\u0148an\u016f, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili sv\u016fj protest a p\u0159ednesli sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. <\/p>\n<p> Kdy\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, Angli\u010dan\u00e9 a Francouzi zavedli v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku a v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b separatistickou m\u011bnu, musela sov\u011btsk\u00e1 strana \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b omezit dopravu, aby star\u00e9 bankovky, kter\u00e9 v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku p\u0159estaly platit, nezaplavily hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy se p\u0159itom nevztahovala na \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravu, ale byly to pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti, kter\u00e9 24. \u010dervna p\u0159eru\u0161ily ve\u0161kerou n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravu ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti N\u011bmecka na v\u00fdchod. Jestli\u017ee tedy v\u016fbec m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d o blok\u00e1d\u011b Berl\u00edna, pak \u0161lo o blok\u00e1du vyhl\u00e1\u0161enou z\u00e1padn\u00edmi mocnostmi. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti dokonce je\u0161t\u011b na\u0159\u00eddily, aby Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn provedl jakousi \u201esebeblok\u00e1du&quot;. To dokazuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta: <\/p>\n<p> B\u00fdval\u00e1 N\u011bmeck\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 rada nab\u00eddla 1. \u010dervence 1948 berl\u00ednsk\u00e9mu magistr\u00e1tu z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho Berl\u00edna z tehdej\u0161\u00edho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma. Reak\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo magistr\u00e1tu zma\u0159ilo jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o tomto n\u00e1vrhu.<br \/> Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va navrhla dne 20. \u010dervence, \u017ee je ochotna z\u00e1sobovat cel\u00fd Berl\u00edn. N\u00e1vrh byl odm\u00edtnut. <\/p>\n<p> Vl\u00e1da Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu se 22. \u010dervence usnesla, \u017ee pro pot\u0159eby z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed Berl\u00edna v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektor\u016f d\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u011b k dispozici 100 000 tun p\u0161enice a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ostatn\u00edch potravin. Velitel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektor\u016f tuto nab\u00eddku ignorovali. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komise se nab\u00eddla, \u017ee dod\u00e1 proud pro turb\u00ednu spole\u010dnosti AEG le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v britsk\u00e9m sektoru m\u011bsta, aby pomohla zm\u00edrnit pot\u00ed\u017ee v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed proudem. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 to odm\u00edtli. <\/p>\n<p> Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 komandantura cht\u011bla v \u010dervenci pokra\u010dovat za star\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch \u010derstv\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka pro z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9 d\u011bti. Clay a spol. to po \u010dtrn\u00e1ctidenn\u00edm ml\u010den\u00ed odm\u00edtli a m\u00edsto toho otev\u0159eli 5. srpna skand\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201esm\u011bn\u00e1rny&quot; s um\u011ble stanoven\u00fdm kursem mezi z\u00e1padn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed markou, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zdiskreditovat a znehodnotit m\u011bnu tehdej\u0161\u00edho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma. <\/p>\n<p> Takov\u00e1 jsou fakta. Ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159e\u010di o \u201eblok\u00e1d\u011b&quot; a \u201evyhladov\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva&quot; byly oby\u010dejn\u00e9 pomluvy, v\u00fdmysly a provokace. V\u0161echna omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tehdy Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn postihla, do\u010dasn\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost, zatemn\u011bn\u00ed, a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed proudu, jdou na \u00fa\u010det Clay\u016f a Robinson\u016f, americk\u00e9 a anglick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a jejich z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00fdch a z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch nohsled\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nehledali a nehledaj\u00ed dorozum\u011bn\u00ed, ale konflikty, aby m\u011bli z\u00e1minku k dal\u0161\u00edmu zbrojen\u00ed a politice nen\u00e1visti v\u016f\u010di Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu. <\/p>\n<p> Dne 2. srpna 1948 zapo\u010dala v Moskv\u011b jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o situaci v Berl\u00edn\u011b. &quot;Skon\u010dila&quot; 30. srpna uzav\u0159en\u00edm dohody mezi Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, USA, Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a Franci\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e hlavn\u00ed body zn\u011bj\u00ed doslova takto:<br \/> ,,a) Ru\u0161\u00ed se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zaveden\u00e1 omezen\u00ed dopravn\u00edho spojen\u00ed a obchodu mezi Berl\u00ednem a z\u00e1padn\u00edmi p\u00e1smy, jako\u017e i omezen\u00ed dopravy n\u00e1klad\u016f do sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma N\u011bmecka a nazp\u011bt;<br \/> b) jako jedin\u00e1 m\u011bna bude v Berl\u00edne zavedena n\u011bmeck\u00e1 marka sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma a macka, \u201eB&quot; bude v Berl\u00edn\u011b sta\u017eena z ob\u011bhu.&quot;23<br \/> Na pozad\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje politiky z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je v rozporu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, ukazuje spole\u010dn\u00e1 dohoda z 30. srpna 1948 dv\u011b skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se Washington a Lond\u00fdn od t\u00e9 doby sna\u017e\u00ed zaml\u010det:<br \/> Z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti uznaly, \u017ee m\u011bna sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma je jedin\u00e1 leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna v cel\u00e9m Berl\u00edn\u011b, a potvrdily t\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u011b, \u017ee cel\u00fd Berl\u00edn pat\u0159\u00ed k sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu okupa\u010dn\u00edmu p\u00e1smu.<br \/> Z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti d\u00e1le uznaly, \u017ee takzvanou berl\u00ednskou krizi vyvolaly zaveden\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00ed marky v Berl\u00edn\u011b, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f byla nevyhnutelnou reakc\u00ed na jejich separ\u00e1tn\u00ed postup a \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed marka byla v Berl\u00edn\u011b zavedena protipr\u00e1vn\u011b, a bude proto sta\u017eena z ob\u011bhu. <\/p>\n<p> \u010cty\u0159i vrchn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 v Berl\u00edn\u011b byli pov\u011b\u0159eni, aby do 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zajistili po technick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce realizaci dohody. Ale Clay m\u00edsto toho zma\u0159il dne 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vrchn\u00edch velitel\u016f a pozval si k raportu v\u016fdce proamerick\u00fdch z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdch stran. B\u011bhem 48 hodin uspo\u0159\u00e1dali Reuter, Neumann a Schwennicke podle americk\u00e9ho rozkazu demonstraci p\u0159ed budovou Reichstagu, v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti americk\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f zaplavili shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 masy bezuzdn\u00fdmi nad\u00e1vkami proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu a po\u0161tvali je k ta\u017een\u00ed do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta, kde se zfanatizovan\u00ed demonstranti dopustili v\u00fdtr\u017enost\u00ed a ozbrojen\u00fdch n\u00e1silnost\u00ed. Proto\u017ee kde m\u00e1 Clayovi kv\u00e9st p\u0161enice, tam nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u00edr, tam se mus\u00ed st\u0159\u00edlet. <\/p>\n<p> Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[85,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}