{"id":416,"date":"2008-06-30T23:34:53","date_gmt":"2008-06-30T21:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-5\/"},"modified":"2008-06-30T23:34:53","modified_gmt":"2008-06-30T21:34:53","slug":"co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/06\/30\/co-vedlo-k-tzv-leteckemu-mostu-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Co vedlo k tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9mu mostu\u201c (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu Berl\u00edna. Jak to bylo ve skute\u010dnosti? Na to odpov\u00edme kapitolami z knihy norsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Alberta Nordena \u201eTak se d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00e1lky.\u201c <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dne 10. a 19. \u010dervence 1948, tedy v dob\u011b mezi nab\u00eddkou N\u011bmeck\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 rady a sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho velen\u00ed, se vrchn\u00ed velitel americk\u00fdch vojsk v N\u011bmecku pokusil rozpoutat v\u00e1lku. S\u00e1m o tom napsal: <\/p>\n

\u201eRusov\u00e9 se pe\u010dliv\u011b vyh\u00fdbali v\u0161emu, co by mohlo vyvolat vojensk\u00fd odpor, a to m\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dilo, \u017ee sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da si v\u00e1lku nep\u0159eje… Sd\u011blil jsem to 10. \u010dervence na\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b a navrhl jsem, abychom Sov\u011bt\u016fm ozn\u00e1mili toto: ve shod\u011b s na\u0161\u00edm pr\u00e1vem na p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Berl\u00edn\u011b vy\u0161leme n\u011bkter\u00e9ho dne ozbrojen\u00fd konvoj… Prohl\u00e1sil jsem, \u017ee si pln\u011b uv\u011bdomuji riziko … Ozbrojen\u00fd konvoj nemohl p\u0159ekro\u010dit hranici (mezi americk\u00fdm a sov\u011btsk\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1smem \u2014 A. N.), ani\u017e by to mohlo v\u00e9st k nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 situaci…
V kabelogramu z 19. \u010dervence jsem tento n\u00e1zor opakoval …" (24)
V tomto kabelogramu Clay doslova prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201ejedin\u011b my (USA \u2014 A. N.) se m\u016f\u017eeme ujmout veden\u00ed sv\u011bta". (25)
S odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na m\u00edrumilovnost Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu tedy Clay navrhoval ozbrojen\u00fd americk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma. V\u011bd\u011bl a s\u00e1m p\u0159iznal, \u017ee t\u00edm riskuje v\u00e1lku. Ale Hitlerovy krv\u00ed zbrocen\u00e9 vav\u0159\u00edny mu z\u0159ejm\u011b nedaly sp\u00e1t. Tak jako Hitler usiloval o sv\u011btovl\u00e1du, pova\u017euje i Clay cel\u00fd sv\u011bt za p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsek americk\u00e9ho imperialismu, kter\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed \u201eveden\u00ed sv\u011bta".
Vych\u00e1zeje z t\u00e9to koncepce Clay u\u010dinil v\u0161echno, aby jakoukoli mo\u017enost dorozum\u011bn\u00ed torp\u00e9doval. Kdy\u017e se zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 moskevsk\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 velmoc\u00ed v srpnu 1948 za\u010dalo p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b vyv\u00edjet, trval Clay na tom, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti je musej\u00ed zma\u0159it:
\u201eNal\u00e9hal jsem ve sv\u00e9m radiogramu na to, abychom jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v Moskv\u011b ukon\u010dili… Ve sv\u00fdch kabelogramech b\u011bhem moskevsk\u00e9ho zased\u00e1n\u00ed jsem poukazoval na to, \u017ee dohoda v Berl\u00edn\u011b je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 \u2026" (26)
Moskevsk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es Clayovy telegrafick\u00e9 intervence dosp\u011bla k c\u00edli. A tak se musel tedy s\u00e1m Clay nam\u00e1hat, aby zhatil dohodu \u010cty\u0159 ministr\u016f. Poda\u0159ilo se mu to. Dorozum\u011bn\u00ed mezi velmocemi, kter\u00e9 u\u017e bylo na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b, muselo ztroskotat, proto\u017ee si je nep\u0159\u00e1li ameri\u010dt\u00ed gener\u00e1lov\u00e9. Kdyby z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti byly podle moskevsk\u00e9 dohody zavedly v\u00fdchodn\u00ed marku v cel\u00e9m Berl\u00edn\u011b a odstranily separ\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u011bnu, vr\u00e1til by se pro mili\u00f3ny ob\u010dan\u016f v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b klid, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot m\u011bsta by se byl normalizoval a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v jednom z nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bod\u016f sv\u011bta by se bylo podstatn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo. Ale k tomu nesm\u011blo doj\u00edt, proto\u017ee obchodn\u00edci se smrt\u00ed \u2014 v\u00fdrobci letadel \u2014 trvali na nov\u00fdch velk\u00fdch objedn\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a petrolej\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl znamenit\u011b vyd\u011bl\u00e1val na tis\u00edc\u00edch ka\u017edodenn\u00edch let\u016f do Berl\u00edna a nazp\u011bt. M\u00edsto aby byl Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn norm\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n ze sousedn\u00edch v\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, jak navrhla sov\u011btsk\u00e1 strana, vnutily mu z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti blok\u00e1du a z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou cestou, to znamen\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed takzvan\u00e9ho \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu", kter\u00fd pro americk\u00e9 milion\u00e1\u0159e znamenal jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obchod\u016f. <\/p>\n

\u201eVlastn\u00ed smysl takzvan\u00e9ho leteck\u00e9ho mostu je v tom, aby leteck\u00fdm tov\u00e1rn\u00e1m a petrolej\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem USA zajistil v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zisk." To nenapsaly komunistick\u00e9 noviny, ale ultrareak\u010dn\u00ed US News and World Report z ledna 1949! <\/p>\n

Jasn\u011bji bychom nedovedli ani my vyl\u00ed\u010dit smysl a c\u00edl leteck\u00e9ho mostu do Berl\u00edna a studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u016fbec. Jej\u00ed nesporn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch z\u00e1le\u017eel mimo jin\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee v prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed 1950 zaznamenaly leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1vody v USA zisky, kter\u00e9 byly o 98 procent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve stejn\u00e9m \u00fadob\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho roku (zat\u00edmco zisky pr\u016fmyslu spot\u0159ebn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161ily podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b). <\/p>\n

A kdo to v\u0161echno zaplatil, kdo m\u011bl tolik pen\u011bz? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed N\u011bmecko, jeho\u017e obyvatelstvo st\u00e1l leteck\u00fd most 50 mili\u00f3n\u016f marek m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Symingtonov\u00e9 a Rockefellerov\u00e9 m\u011bli pro\u010d se sm\u00e1t. Kamufl\u00e1\u017e p\u0159enechali velkobur\u017eoazn\u00edm a soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00fdm politik\u016fm v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku a v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed museli z v\u00fdnosn\u00e9ho lovu v kaln\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch americk\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch a petrolej\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed vytvo\u0159it \u201eboj demokratick\u00e9ho Berl\u00edna za svobodu", aby obyvatelstvo udr\u017eeli na uzd\u011b. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b politick\u00e9ho a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho zisku slou\u017eil leteck\u00fd most v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1m. \u201ePro vojensk\u00e9 i civiln\u00ed pot\u0159eby jsme z\u00edskali neoceniteln\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s nasazen\u00edm vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f", prohl\u00e1sil Clay, a Times napsaly v \u00fanoru 1949: \u201eLeteck\u00fd most se stal velk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm. Berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti vyvr\u00e1tily v\u0161echny dosavadn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s mo\u017enostmi z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou cestou za v\u00e1lky." V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b dal leteck\u00fd most USA v\u00edtanou z\u00e1minku k p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed \u0159ady jednotek v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho letectva do Evropy a vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen. <\/p>\n

Pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se, co v t\u011bchto dnech psal tisk, nem\u016f\u017eeme nevid\u011bt \u0161tvav\u00fd t\u00f3n z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdch novin. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed org\u00e1n z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie Sozialdemokrat odhalil americk\u00e9 karty, kdy\u017e na vrcholu moskevsk\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 velmoc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedla k dohod\u011b, dne 17. srpna 1948 napsal: \u201eBerl\u00edn skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed za v\u00e1lku." Dal\u0161\u00ed berl\u00ednsk\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00fd org\u00e1n Telegraf st\u00e1l v prvn\u00ed bojov\u00e9 linii sil, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bly Berl\u00edn zm\u011bnit v d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1lky. Podporoval a p\u0159iv\u00edtal zaveden\u00ed dvoj\u00ed m\u011bny v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je mo\u017eno \u201ei s takov\u00fdmi paraleln\u00edmi m\u011bnami vybudovat docela zdrav\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed" (\u00favodn\u00edk z 21. \u010dervna 1948). Dne 25. \u010dervna 1948 uve\u0159ejnil list projev z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prim\u00e1tora Reutera z p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho dne, kter\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee \u201elid\u00e9 na Z\u00e1pad\u011b… mohou sledovat a kontrolovat sv\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee se mohou demokratick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pod\u00edlet na jeho organizaci. Tov\u00e1rny na V\u00fdchod\u011b nepracuj\u00ed pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd n\u00e1rod …" <\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e moskevsk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vedla k dohod\u011b, vypuklo v z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9m tisku prav\u00e9 zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. Co se, proboha stane, jestli\u017ee skon\u010d\u00ed t\u0159enice a nap\u011bt\u00ed a obchod s v\u00e1lkou tak ztrat\u00ed sv\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k existenci? Tak daleko to nesm\u00ed doj\u00edt! Je nutno odvr\u00e1tit nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee v Berl\u00edn\u011b bude zavedena jednotn\u00e1 m\u011bna a \u017ee dojde k hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozkv\u011btu s plnou zam\u011bstnanosti pracuj\u00edc\u00edch.
\u201eV ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b existuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti tomu, aby se Berl\u00edn vydal napospas sil\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed za zaveden\u00edm v\u00fdchodn\u00ed m\u011bny." (27) <\/p>\n

Den p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e torp\u00e9doval jedn\u00e1n\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdch vrchn\u00edch velitel\u016f, napadl Clay na prvn\u00ed str\u00e1nce Telegrafu v Hitlerov\u011b a Goebbelsov\u011b stylu ,,Rusko, kter\u00e9 u\u017e \u0159adu let naru\u0161uje po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b m\u00edrov\u00fd \u017eivot lidstva… V \u010c\u00edn\u011b podporuje ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lku, v Egypt\u011b neviditeln\u011b podporuje ob\u011b fronty. V Malajsku a v Barm\u011b roze\u0161tv\u00e1v\u00e1 lid proti jeho vl\u00e1d\u011b." <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[85,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}