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Jak m\u00e9dia slou\u017e\u00ed k roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eozdravn\u00e9\u201c v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy\u2026 <\/p>\n Jak m\u00e9dia slou\u017e\u00ed k roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eozdravn\u00e9\u201c v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy\u2026 <\/p>\n
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Kdo je vlastn\u011b al-D\u017eaz\u00edra?<\/strong> (10) <\/p>\n Historie t\u00e9to \u201earabsk\u00e9 CNN\u201c nen\u00ed zat\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1. P\u0159esto se pro stru\u010dn\u00e9 zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed situace a okolnost\u00ed kolem jej\u00edho vzniku mus\u00edme vr\u00e1tit do 90. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Tehdy toti\u017e z\u0159\u00eddila BBC sv\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Vra\u0165me se nyn\u00ed k na\u0161emu t\u00e9matu. Od al-D\u017eaz\u00edry p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zpravodajstv\u00ed \u010dasto tak\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed televize. Stala se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm sv\u00e9ho muslimsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, a zejm\u00e9na bin L\u00e1dina, po ud\u00e1lostech 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v USA. Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Jak m\u00e9dia slou\u017e\u00ed k roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eozdravn\u00e9\u201c v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6],"tags":[86],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/418"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/418\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Servisn\u00ed smlouva byla podeps\u00e1na se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Orbit, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla sice s\u00eddlo v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, ale jej\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovala Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b kruhy bl\u00edzk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodin\u011b. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed \u017eurnalist\u00e9 tak m\u011bli jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost mapovat arabsk\u00fd sv\u011bt doslova z \u201eprvn\u00ed ruky\u201c.
Ov\u0161em po odvys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f z poh\u0159bu sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 princezny, v jedn\u00e9 ze zpravodajsk\u00fdch relac\u00ed, do\u0161lo k roztr\u017ece a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie BBC ze zem\u011b vyhnala. To bylo v roce 1996.
Rok p\u0159ed touto nep\u0159\u00edjemnost\u00ed, tedy roku 1995, prob\u011bhl v nedalek\u00e9m Kataru nen\u00e1siln\u00fd pal\u00e1cov\u00fd p\u0159evrat, kter\u00fd do \u010dela Kataru vynesl dne\u0161n\u00edho vl\u00e1dce Hamada bin Chal\u00edfu al-Th\u00e1n\u00edho. (11) Mezi jeho prvn\u00ed po\u010diny v nov\u00e9m postaven\u00ed pat\u0159ilo zru\u0161en\u00ed Ministerstva informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 neslou\u017eilo ani tak informac\u00edm, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e cenzu\u0159e. Tato skute\u010dnost byla tehdy z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011btem p\u0159ijata jako velmi pozitivn\u00ed krok.
Nastal\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed vakuum ov\u0161em muselo b\u00fdt n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vypln\u011bno, proto bylo roku 1996 z\u0159\u00edzeno katarsk\u00e9 satelitn\u00ed televizn\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 al-D\u017eaz\u00edra, (12) kter\u00e1 nav\u00edc pov\u011bt\u0161inou zam\u011bstnala redaktory vyhnan\u00e9 ze Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie.
Programov\u00e1 skladba al-D\u017eaz\u00edry byla zprvu pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, p\u0159eva\u017eovaly z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 po\u0159ady a podobn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1nrov\u011b odleh\u010den\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.13 D\u016fle\u017eitou slo\u017ekou se postupn\u011b st\u00e1valy zpravodajsk\u00e9 relace. Ov\u0161em a\u017e do roku 1996 neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd arabsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd vysloven\u011b pouze na zpravodajstv\u00ed.
Zato zpravodajsk\u00e9 relace al-D\u017eaz\u00edry si brzy z\u00edskaly p\u0159\u00edznivce, ale tak\u00e9 oponenty. Jako sv\u00e9ho \u201ezprost\u0159edkovatele\u201c si ji u\u017e v roce 1998 vybral tak\u00e9 Us\u00e1ma bin L\u00e1din.
Obrazov\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed se vys\u00edl\u00e1 ka\u017edou celou hodinu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 relace jsou dv\u011b, vys\u00edlaj\u00ed se ve 14 a 23 hodin m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu, a trvaj\u00ed celou hodinu. (14) Od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u00fatoku na Ir\u00e1k al-D\u017eaz\u00edra za\u0159adila nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v a informac\u00ed z boji\u0161\u0165 v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obrazovky.
Z dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed uvedeme je\u0161t\u011b, \u017ee al-D\u017eaz\u00edra prakticky nevys\u00edl\u00e1 reklamy,15 pouze upout\u00e1vky na dal\u0161\u00ed po\u0159ady. D\u00e1le se na jej\u00edm vys\u00edlac\u00edm \u010dase pod\u00edlej\u00ed zejm\u00e9na dokumenty i seri\u00e1ly, a tak\u00e9 diskusn\u00ed po\u0159ady, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 \u010dasto za kontroverzn\u00ed.
Mezi person\u00e1lem televize dokonce p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e9 hlasatelky. (16) Jako jedin\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 m\u00e9dium nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 term\u00edn Izrael. (17)
Za takov\u00fd styl si vyslou\u017eila nejednou ostrou kritiku ze strany Arab\u016f. Ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 jako nepohodln\u00e1, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro propagandu USA v Ir\u00e1ku a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b v\u016fbec, se stala nejednou rovn\u011b\u017e c\u00edlem jejich bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed.
Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak\u00e9 Kuvajt v \u010dervnu roku 1999 uzav\u0159el jej\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159, proto\u017ee odvys\u00edlala rozhovor s Ir\u00e1\u010danem, kter\u00fd se nevyb\u00edrav\u011b vyjad\u0159oval o kuvajtsk\u00e9m em\u00edrovi.
P\u0159esto je dnes al-D\u017eaz\u00edra nejsledovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed muslimskou televiz\u00ed. Denn\u011b ji sleduje na 40 milion\u016f div\u00e1k\u016f. Disponuje 31. pobo\u010dkami. Je schopna 24 hodin denn\u011b pokr\u00fdvat sign\u00e1lem nejen Severn\u00ed Ameriku a Afriku, ale tak\u00e9 celou Evropu a Asii.<\/p>\n
Doned\u00e1vna byla tato katarsk\u00e1 televize skute\u010dn\u011b ostrovem podivn\u00e9 svobody a profesionality, v jinak t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e9m muslimsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pak se za\u010daly st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159et\u0159\u00e1sat jej\u00ed vazby na Taliban \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo Us\u00e1mu bin L\u00e1dina. (18)
Nejen samotn\u00e9 muslimy, ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed televizn\u00ed stanice, \u0161okovala svoj\u00ed otev\u0159enost\u00ed. Z t\u00e9 ov\u0161em neslevila ani p\u0159i \u00fatoc\u00edch na Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n nebo Ir\u00e1k. Denn\u011b odvys\u00edlala n\u011bkoliker\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry ob\u011bt\u00ed americk\u00fdch bomb, zejm\u00e9na civilist\u016f \u2013 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed. Ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1 americk\u00e1 averze vyvrcholila zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f n\u011bkolika spojeneck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, zajat\u00fdch p\u0159i akci v Ir\u00e1ku.
Po dal\u0161\u00edm uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed bezm\u00e1la p\u016flminutov\u00fdch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f dvou mrtvol spojeneck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, do kter\u00fdch kopali rozj\u00e1san\u00ed Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9, byla al-D\u017eaz\u00edra spojenci obvin\u011bna z poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eenevsk\u00fdch konvenc\u00ed o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f vojensk\u00fdch konflikt\u016f.
Spojenci nejen\u017ee museli spolknout roz\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed nad t\u00edm, \u017ee je v zemi nikdo nep\u0159iv\u00edtal jako osvoboditele, ale te\u010f nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b vid\u011bli, \u017ee v\u00e1lka nem\u00e1 s humanitou pranic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho nejen v jejich p\u0159ihloupl\u00fdch filmech, ale z\u0159ejm\u011b dokonce ani ve skute\u010dnosti!
Tak byla nakonec katarsk\u00e1 televize ozna\u010dena za n\u00e1stroj propagandy kdov\u00ed koho. Sv\u00e9 renom\u00e9 pr\u00fd ztratila.19 Pon\u011bkud v rozporu s t\u00edmto tvrzen\u00edm se ale zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt fakt, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00e1 CNN uzav\u0159ela s al-D\u017eaz\u00edrou exkluzivn\u00ed smlouvu na jej\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Ostatn\u00ed stanice mohou jej\u00ed produkci pou\u017e\u00edt ve vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed teprve po uplynut\u00ed \u0161esti hodin od doby ud\u00e1n\u00ed. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se vystavuj\u00ed riziku vysok\u00e9 pokuty. (20) <\/p>\n