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Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu Berl\u00edna. Jak to bylo ve skute\u010dnosti? Na to odpov\u00edme kapitolami z knihy norsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Alberta Nordena \u201eTak se d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00e1lky.\u201c <\/p>\n
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Vid\u011bli jsme, \u017ee Clay zma\u0159il realizaci usnesen\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 velmoc\u00ed o normalizaci situace v Berl\u00edn\u011b. Te\u010f se pokusil argentinsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Bramuglia, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edsedou Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN, dostat velmoci k jednac\u00edmu stolu. 25. \u0159\u00edjna 1948 p\u0159edlo\u017eil n\u00e1vrh rezoluce, v n\u00ed\u017e se po\u017eaduje,
1. aby byla zru\u0161ena v\u0161echna omezen\u00ed dopravy mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edm a v\u00fdchodn\u00edm N\u011bmeckem a mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi p\u00e1smy a Berl\u00ednem,
2. aby berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 m\u011bna byla sjednocena na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 marky sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma.
Sov\u011btsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Bramugli\u016fv n\u00e1vrh p\u0159ijal, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1stupci USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie ho ihned odm\u00edtli. Odm\u00edtli ho, proto\u017ee tento n\u00e1vrh skute\u010dn\u011b znamenal n\u00e1vrat k dohod\u011b \u010dty\u0159 velmoc\u00ed z 30. srpna, o kter\u00e9 te\u010f Washington, Lond\u00fdn a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e necht\u011bly nic v\u011bd\u011bt.
Kdy\u017e Bramugli\u016fv pokus o zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed ztroskotal, proto\u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti byly rozhodnuty se jak\u00e9koli dohod\u011b vyhnout, podnikl australsk\u00fd diplomat Evatt, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edsedou Rady bezpe\u010dnosti, a gener\u00e1l, tajemn\u00edk OSN Trygve Lie dal\u0161\u00ed kroky, aby dos\u00e1hli obnoven\u00ed rozhovor\u016f mez\u00ed \u010dty\u0159mi velmocemi. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz p\u0159iv\u00edtal i tuto iniciativu k dosa\u017een\u00ed dohody, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti i tentokr\u00e1t odm\u00edtly spolupr\u00e1ci.
Za t\u00e9to situace vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed politikov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b sv\u016fj nesouhlas s destruktivn\u00ed politikou z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed (ukazuje to citovan\u00fd \u010cl\u00e1nek Sumnera Wellese). Z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 demaskovaly v o\u010d\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, a tak zahrani\u010dn\u00ed minist\u0159i USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie, Acheson, Bevin a Schuman museli p\u0159isl\u00edbit \u00fa\u010dast na nov\u00e9 sch\u016fzce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch ministr\u016f po\u010d\u00e1tkem kv\u011btna 1949. Rada ministr\u016f, kter\u00e1 se nese\u0161la od prosince 1947, kdy Marshall zavedl jej\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed do slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky, byla svol\u00e1na na 23. kv\u011btna do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kdy\u017e se z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 mocnosti p\u0159edt\u00edm dohodly zru\u0161it oboustrann\u00e1 omezen\u00ed dopravy do Berl\u00edna a z Berl\u00edna.
Dne 20. \u010dervna skon\u010dila konference p\u0159ijet\u00edm \u0159ady usnesen\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se okupa\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm v Berl\u00edn\u011b ukl\u00e1dalo zah\u00e1jit porady na \u010dty\u0159mocensk\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b, ,,aby bylo dosa\u017eeno obnoven\u00ed politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 jednoty N\u011bmecka". C\u00edlem berl\u00ednsk\u00fdch porad m\u011blo b\u00fdt mimo jin\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u201eroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obchodu mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi p\u00e1smy a v\u00fdchodn\u00edm p\u00e1smem", usnadn\u011bn\u00ed osobn\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy a normalizace \u017eivota v Berl\u00edn\u011b. Vedouc\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm i z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku dostaly p\u0159\u00edkaz, aby p\u0159isp\u011bly ,,k nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch styk\u016f mezi okupa\u010dn\u00edmi p\u00e1smy".
To nebylo mnoho, ale aspo\u0148 n\u011bco, zejm\u00e9na uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, jak bylo americk\u00e9mu ministerstvu zahrani\u010d\u00ed a jeho n\u011bmeck\u00fdm \u017eurnalistick\u00fdm \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016fm nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, \u017ee konference se v\u016fbec konala. Z\u00e1pad samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zk\u0159\u00ed\u017eil v\u0161echny n\u00e1vrhy trval\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.
Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz navrhl, aby \u010dty\u0159i mocnosti p\u0159edlo\u017eily do t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f n\u00e1vrh m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy s N\u011bmeckem a stanovily term\u00edn odchodu okupa\u010dn\u00edch vojsk, kter\u00fd rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bl b\u00fdt del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeden rok po uzav\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy. Acheson, Bevin a Schuman to odm\u00edtli, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Acheson prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201ejak\u00e1koli diskuse o m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouv\u011b je jenom ztr\u00e1ta \u010dasu". Pokud jde o odchod okupa\u010dn\u00edch vojsk, prohl\u00e1sil Bevin, \u017ee \u201eVelk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie se nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat na ur\u010dit\u00fd term\u00edn", zat\u00edmco Acheson s brut\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u0159enost\u00ed dodal: \u201eSnad za pades\u00e1t let."
Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da navrhla vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celon\u011bmeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Ze Z\u00e1padu se ozvalo \u201eNe".
Pak sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da navrhla vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed rady na z\u00e1klad\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00edch dvou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f (frankfurtsk\u00e9 Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 rady a N\u011bmeck\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise). T\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem sledovala sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho m\u00edrov\u00e9ho a demokratick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, kter\u00e9 nebylo jenom jej\u00edm c\u00edlem, ale touhou v\u0161ech n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f. Minist\u0159i z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed n\u00e1vrh odm\u00edtli. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da navrhla, aby pak ob\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 gr\u00e9mia vytvo\u0159ila aspo\u0148 koordina\u010dn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd org\u00e1n. I tento n\u00e1vrh skon\u010dil v ko\u0161i na pap\u00edr.
Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz navrhl obnovit jednotu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta a dosadit celoberl\u00ednsk\u00fd magistr\u00e1t. Odpov\u011b\u010f t\u0159\u00ed ministr\u016f zn\u011bla \u201eNe", a Acheson k tomu dodal: \u201eRozd\u011blen\u00ed Berl\u00edna je neodvolateln\u00e9."
Pro\u010d z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti postupovaly tak tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b, prozradil za dvacet let americk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Hugh B. Hester ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v polovin\u011b \u010dervna 1968 adresoval listu St. Petersburg Times: \u201eBerl\u00edn byl rozd\u011blen na z\u00e1klad\u011b pe\u010dliv\u011b sestaven\u00e9ho programu, kter\u00fdm m\u011bli b\u00fdt Sov\u011bti vytla\u010deni z N\u011bmecka. \u0158ekl mi to kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed m\u00fdm odjezdem jeden z hlavn\u00edch poradc\u016f vojensk\u00e9ho guvern\u00e9ra v N\u011bmecku. P\u016fsobil jsem v N\u011bmecku od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1945 do listopadu 1947 jako n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk z\u00e1sobovac\u00edho a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed hlavn\u00edho stanu v Berl\u00edn\u011b."
Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 krize 1948\/49 tedy nevznikla n\u00e1hodn\u011b, ale t\u011bsn\u011b souvisela s pl\u00e1ny t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed a jejich protisov\u011btsk\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny v Evrop\u011b. Z\u00e1pad cht\u011bl Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz vyprovokovat, \u201eleteck\u00fd most" a \u201eblok\u00e1da" m\u011bly rozdm\u00fdchat v\u00e1le\u010dnou hysterii. Z\u00e1pad pot\u0159eboval ohnisko krize, aby mohl zabr\u00e1nit jak\u00e9mukoli demokratick\u00e9mu celon\u011bmeck\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a dovr\u0161it politiku agresivn\u00edch blok\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. <\/p>\n
Je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f t\u011bchto kritick\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00edm mocnostem se nepoda\u0159ilo zavl\u00e9ci Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz do vojensk\u00e9ho konfliktu. Ztroskotal i pokus zadr\u017eet antifa\u0161isticko-demokratick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti N\u011bmecka a za\u010dlenit Berl\u00edn do vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho separ\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. <\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti dovr\u0161ily politick\u00e9 odtr\u017een\u00ed Berl\u00edna, vyhov\u011blo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zased\u00e1n\u00ed berl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho zastupitelstva p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed Demokratick\u00e9ho bloku, sesadilo dne 30. listopadu 1948 star\u00fd magistr\u00e1t a usneslo se vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd, demokratick\u00fd magistr\u00e1t Velk\u00e9ho Berl\u00edna. Tento berl\u00ednsk\u00fd spr\u00e1vn\u00ed org\u00e1n schv\u00e1lilo na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 manifestaci 500 000 berl\u00ednsk\u00fdch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch a sov\u011btsk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd velitel ho 2. prosince 1948 uznal za jedin\u00fd leg\u00e1ln\u00ed org\u00e1n m\u011bstsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy.
Politi\u010dt\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b a v NSR by cht\u011bli pomoc\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 propaga\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b zast\u0159\u00edt z\u00e1vojem l\u017e\u00ed pravdu o berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 krizi a jej\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch. Proto si p\u0159ipome\u0148me, co zd\u016fraznila sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v not\u011b ze 14. \u010dervence 1948 adresovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b USA: \u201eBerl\u00edn le\u017e\u00ed uprost\u0159ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto p\u00e1sma." (29)
V dal\u0161\u00ed not\u011b z 3. \u0159\u00edjna 1948 p\u0159ipomn\u011bla sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vl\u00e1d\u011b USA poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed smluv Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 z n\u011bho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed: \u201eVl\u00e1dy t\u0159\u00ed velmoc\u00ed vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed neust\u00e1le prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se spr\u00e1vy Berl\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch \u010dty\u0159 velmoc\u00ed o spole\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b N\u011bmecka a Berl\u00edna. Pr\u00e1vo na \u010dty\u0159mocenskou spr\u00e1vu Berl\u00edna, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed uprost\u0159ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma, m\u00e1 smysl jedin\u011b tehdy, uzn\u00e1v\u00e1-li se N\u011bmecko za jednotn\u00fd st\u00e1t a Berl\u00edn za jeho hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto. Jestli\u017ee v\u0161ak t\u0159i z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy odd\u011blily z\u00e1padn\u00ed N\u011bmecko od v\u00fdchodn\u00edho a zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed tam separ\u00e1tn\u00ed st\u00e1t, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na spravov\u00e1n\u00ed Berl\u00edna t\u011bmito vl\u00e1dami smysl." (30)
Je nepopiratelnou skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee sv\u00fdm separ\u00e1tn\u00edm postupem v z\u00e1padn\u00edch okupa\u010dn\u00edch p\u00e1smech N\u011bmecka a ve t\u0159ech z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektorech Berl\u00edna, kter\u00fd vedl k rozd\u011blen\u00ed N\u011bmecka a jeho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, z\u00e1padn\u00ed velmoci zlikvidovaly syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy N\u011bmecka a Berl\u00edna \u010dty\u0159mi velmocemi a odstranily t\u00edm z\u00e1kladnu, kter\u00e1 jim d\u00e1vala pr\u00e1vo, aby se pod\u00edlely na spr\u00e1v\u011b Berl\u00edna.
Po zalo\u017een\u00ed N\u011bmeck\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republiky p\u0159edal Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz sv\u00e1 v\u00fdsostn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nad cel\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm b\u00fdval\u00e9ho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma NDR. Proto je od zalo\u017een\u00ed NDR Berl\u00edn pr\u00e1vn\u011b hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed NDR, a to bez jak\u00fdchkoli omezen\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z okupa\u010dn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 zanikla dosa\u017een\u00edm pln\u00e9 svrchovanosti NDR v roce 1954.
V N\u011bmecku nikdy neexistovalo n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u00e1t\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1smo, a to ani v dob\u011b, kdy se z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti pod\u00edlely na spole\u010dn\u00e9 okupaci Berl\u00edna. C\u00edl t\u00e9to spole\u010dn\u00e9 okupace Berl\u00edna \u2014 uskute\u010dnit demokratizaci a zabr\u00e1nit restauraci n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho imperialismu \u2014 tehdy z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti zradily.
P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak nebylo v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 smlouv\u011b nebo dohod\u011b ani \u0159e\u010di o tom, \u017ee by Berl\u00edn pat\u0159il k NSR. To se neodv\u00e1\u017eily tvrdit ani z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti. Dne 14. kv\u011btna 1949 p\u0159edali t\u0159i velitel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektor\u016f Berl\u00edna z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9mu starostovi dopis, v n\u011bm\u017e se prav\u00ed: \u201eT\u0159i vojen\u0161t\u00ed guvern\u00e9\u0159i zaslali Parlamentn\u00ed rad\u011b v Bonnu text okupa\u010dn\u00edho statutu, kter\u00fd d\u00e1v\u00e1 N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 republice, je\u017e bude vbrzku zalo\u017eena, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed, exekutivn\u00ed a soudn\u00ed pravomoci." Chladnokrevn\u00fd souhlas s organizovan\u00fdm roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00edm N\u011bmecka v\u0161ak z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti vyslovily s jedn\u00edm omezen\u00edm. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, Angli\u010dan\u00e9 a Francouzi v prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee \u201ened\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj souhlas k tomu, aby se (Z\u00e1padn\u00ed) Berl\u00edn stal zem\u00ed Spolkov\u00e9 republiky". Spojeneck\u00e1 komandantura si vyhradila v\u0161echna pr\u00e1va, \u201ekter\u00e1 jsou nutn\u00e1 k tomu, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna bezpe\u010dnost, po\u0159\u00e1dek a finan\u010dn\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 stabilita m\u011bsta". (31)
Dne 29. srpna 1950 pouk\u00e1zala Vysok\u00e1 spojeneck\u00e1 komise v dopise k z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b na to, \u017ee Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn nen\u00ed mo\u017eno prohl\u00e1sit za dvan\u00e1ctou zemi N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 republiky. (32)
To musela zd\u016fraznit i Eleanor L. Dullesov\u00e1, sestra b\u00fdval\u00e9ho ministra a n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed slu\u017eby USA, kter\u00e1 \u0159adu let vedla n\u011bmeck\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed. \u201eRozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee m\u011bsto je nejen zem\u011bpisn\u011b izolov\u00e1no, proto\u017ee je od Spolkov\u00e9 republiky vzd\u00e1leno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 kilometr\u016f, ale \u017ee zauj\u00edm\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed i po pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a politick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce … Jasn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi Spolkovou republikou a (Z\u00e1padn\u00edm) Berl\u00ednem, na n\u011bm\u017e trvali z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci, vy\u0159azuje m\u011bsto z \u00fa\u010dasti na znovuvyzbrojen\u00ed a v\u00fdrob\u011b zbran\u00ed, a t\u00edm i jeho obyvatele z brann\u00e9 povinnosti Spolkov\u00e9 republiky. Mimoto nesm\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci bundeswehru vstoupit na \u00fazem\u00ed Berl\u00edna."
V praxi ov\u0161em nebyly dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny ani tyto podm\u00ednky ulo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00edmi mocnostmi. Bonnsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se pokusila za\u010dlenit Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn do NSR mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee
1. vybudovala rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed apar\u00e1t NSR v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159es 20 000 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f;
2. svol\u00e1vala do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna zased\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdbor\u016f z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho parlamentu a z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed;
3. ml\u010dky podporovala infiltraci z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu nacisty;
4. z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fd sen\u00e1t prot\u011b\u017eoval Springer\u016fv koncern, kter\u00fd ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 militaristicko-pronacistick\u00e9 pogromistick\u00e9 n\u00e1lady.
5. povol\u00e1vala z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany do z\u00e1pad o n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho bundeswehru a prakticky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila platnost z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 brann\u00e9 povinnosti na Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn;
6. organizovala hromadn\u00e9 lety voj\u00e1k\u016f a d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho bundeswehru do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna, kte\u0159\u00ed tam dokonce absolvovali v\u00fdcvik;
7. trp\u011bla v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b zbrojn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu a v\u011bdeckotechnickou produkci pro bundeswehr;
8. p\u0159ipustila v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b z\u00e1padon\u011bmeckou fa\u0161istickou stranu NPD a \u010dinnost takzvan\u00fdch \u201etradi\u010dn\u00edch svaz\u016f" (sdru\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f b\u00fdval\u00e9 nacistick\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy) a jin\u00fdch militaristick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed;
9. um\u00edstila v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b nes\u010detn\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed agentury, kter\u00e9 organizuj\u00ed podvratnou \u010dinnost proti NDR a ostatn\u00edm socialistick\u00fdm zem\u00edm;
10. umo\u017enila \u0161tvavou \u010dinnost rozhlasov\u00e9 stanice RIAS (Rundfunk im Amerikanischen Sektor), kter\u00e1 podl\u00e9h\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00edmu departmentu USA a s ro\u010dn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtem ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 mili\u00f3n\u016f dolar\u016f dnem i noc\u00ed ideologicky a psychologicky ostouz\u00ed NDR a sna\u017e\u00ed se ji rozlo\u017eit. Tato vys\u00edla\u010dka, denn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ke \u0161tvanic\u00edm proti NDR, je v\u00fdsm\u011bchem rezoluci Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 rozhlasov\u00e1 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zakazuje a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 jejich zastaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee naru\u0161uj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed styky. Vys\u00edla\u010dka RIAS ozna\u010duje N\u011bmeckou demokratickou republiku ve sv\u00fdch vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edch v\u017edy term\u00ednem ,.st\u0159edn\u00ed N\u011bmecko", kter\u00fd je v\u00fdrazem anek\u010dn\u00edch \u00famysl\u016f v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1padn\u00edmu Polsku, severn\u00edm \u010cech\u00e1m a dal\u0161\u00edm ciz\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm.
N\u00e1vrh ak\u010dn\u00edho programu CDU, kter\u00fd veden\u00ed CDU uve\u0159ejnilo 15. prosince 1967, prohl\u00e1sil Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn za dvan\u00e1ctou zemi NSR.
\u201eZ\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn je zem\u00ed N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 republiky.\u201c CDU \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, aby … Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn byl za\u010dlen\u011bn do Spolkov\u00e9 republiky." <\/p>\n
Konec seri\u00e1lu <\/p>\n
Odkazy : <\/p>\n
15 Lucius D. Clay, Entscheidung in Deutschland, str. 393
16 tamt\u00e9\u017e
17 Pak ho Truman jmenoval vedouc\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro n\u00e1kup a obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch surovin a pro ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch objedn\u00e1vek (\u201eNational Security Resource Board"). Po\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Truman roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il Symingtonovu pravomoc a ustanovil ho podle zpr\u00e1vy U\u0161tu New York Times ze 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1950 i vedouc\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 mobilizace. Z t\u00e9to funkce u\u017e Symington ud\u011blil zbrojn\u00ed zak\u00e1zky ve v\u00fd\u0161i 16 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dekaly v z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch zbroja\u0159sk\u00fdch trast\u016f na vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky, aby je pak bylo mo\u017eno okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010d\u00edt plnit. Dal\u0161\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky ve v\u00fd\u0161i 41 ^miliard dolar\u016f zadal Symington na prvn\u00edch \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Tato \u010d\u00edsla umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pochopit, pro\u010d \u010d\u00e1st americk\u00e9 velkobur\u017eoazie tak la\u010dn\u011b usilovala o rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Kdy\u017e Stuart Symington odstoupil ze sv\u00e9 funkce, stal se roku 1952 sen\u00e1torem za americk\u00fd st\u00e1t Mi-^uri. Plat\u00ed za v\u016fdce \u201eradik\u00e1ln\u00edch jest\u0159\u00e1b\u016f" ve Washingtonu, kte\u0159\u00ed nal\u00e9haj\u00ed na to, aby USA pou\u017eit\u00edm atomov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily v\u00e1lku v ji\u017en\u00edm Vietnamu na cel\u00fd severn\u00ed Vietnam.
18 New York Herald Tribune, 14. 12. 1948
19 Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va presidenta Johnsona, \u010dervenec 1948, s\u00edr. 45
20 Amtsblatt\u00a0\u00a0 d\u011bs\u00a0\u00a0 Kontrollrates\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 Deutschland,\u00a0\u00a0 Erganzungsblatt Nr. l, str. 11
21 tamt\u00e9\u017e
22 Viz Rozkaz \u010c\u00eds. I spojeneck\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 komandatury m\u011bsta Berl\u00edna, 11. \u010dervence 1945. Verordnungsblatt der Stadt Berlin, 1. ro\u010dn\u00edk, \u010d\u00eds. 4, str. 45
23 Dokumente zur Deutschlandpolitik der Sowjetunion, Berlin 1957, sv. I, str.\u00a0 118
34 Lucius D. Clay, Entscheidung\u00a0 in Deutschland,\u00a0 str.\u00a0 413
25 tamt\u00e9\u017e
26 tamt\u00e9\u017e, str. 408\/409
27 \u00davodn\u00edk listu Telegraf z 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1948
38 Dnes u\u017e zesnul\u00fd americk\u00fd gener\u00e1l E. F, Carlson mluvil v zim\u011b 1939\/40 k p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm americk\u00fdch velkobank National City Bank (Morgan) a Chase National Bank (Rockefeller), spole\u010dnosti Standard Oil a jin\u00fdch velk\u00fdch firem. Carlson v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee Japonsko dost\u00e1v\u00e1 daleko p\u0159es polovinu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z USA: \u201eVaruji v\u00e1s, p\u00e1nov\u00e9. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1te zemi, kter\u00e1 se na n\u00e1s jednou vrhne a zp\u016fsob\u00ed n\u00e1m velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech i hmotn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty." Jeden z p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch pr\u016fmysln\u00edk\u016f se ho zeptal: \u201eP\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1te, \u017ee dojde k japonsko-americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce?" \u201eAno." odpov\u011bd\u011bl Carlson, \u201eb\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti let." Na\u010de\u017e jeho prot\u011bj\u0161ek shrnul n\u00e1zor vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch kruh\u016f kapitalistick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu slovy: \u201eMil\u00fd Carlsone! V\u00e1lka sem, v\u00e1lka tam, n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed jenom dividendy z na\u0161ich sou\u010dasn\u00fdch investic." (Michael Blankfort: The Big Yankee, str. 320)
29 Die Sowjetunion und die Berliner Frage. Dokumente. Moskau 1948, st\u00ed: 46n.
30\u00a0 Dokumente zu\u0159 Deutschlandpolitik der Sowjetunion, sv. I, str. 197
21 Keesings Archiv der Gegenwart, ro\u011b.\u00a0 1948\/49,\u00a0 Wien, str.\u00a0 1939\u00a0 D K tamt\u00e9\u017e,\u00a0 roc.\u00a0\u00a0 1950,\u00a0 str.\u00a0 2554\u00a0 D
33 Delbert Clark, Again the goose step, str. VII, IX, 16 <\/p>\n
Z knihy : Norden, Albert: Tak se d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Praha, Svoboda, 1978 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1s v uplynul\u00fdch dnech informovaly o 60 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed tzv. \u201eleteck\u00e9ho mostu\u201c, t\u00e9to, div ne hrdinn\u00e9 operaci na z\u00e1chranu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[85,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}