{"id":468,"date":"2008-10-29T11:11:24","date_gmt":"2008-10-29T10:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/10\/29\/komunisticky-manifest\/"},"modified":"2008-10-29T11:11:24","modified_gmt":"2008-10-29T10:11:24","slug":"komunisticky-manifest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/10\/29\/komunisticky-manifest\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunistick\u00fd manifest"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"logo\" title=\"logo\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"100\" height=\"65\" align=\"left\" \/>Tento rok oslavuje Komunistick\u00fd manifest 160. narodeniny.  <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p> \u00a0A kapitalizmus \u2013 teda \u201eslobodn\u00e9 podnikanie\u201c \u2013 si t\u00fato udalos\u0165, zd\u00e1 sa, pripomenul t\u00fdm, \u017ee padol na zem m\u0155tvy. V pondelok v noci sa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch objavili varovania \u201eexpertov\u201c, \u017ee v niektor\u00fdch bankomatoch m\u00f4\u017eu prosto d\u00f4js\u0165 bankovky, a jedinou bezpe\u010dnou invest\u00edciou s\u00fa fazu\u013eov\u00e9 konzervy. Apokalypsa, \u010di vydieranie? To nik nevie.  <\/p>\n<p> Manifest je dnes zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm. Napr\u00edklad v\u0161etky tie re\u010di o \u201ev\u00fdrobe\u201c. V t\u00fdch \u010dasoch naozaj v podnikoch nie\u010do vyr\u00e1bali? Naozaj proletari\u00e1t otro\u010dil vo fabrik\u00e1ch, a nie v call centr\u00e1ch? Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee v jednom mali Marx a Engels pravdu: v kapitalistick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach, alebo minim\u00e1lne v spolo\u010dnostiach divok\u00e9ho, neregulovan\u00e9ho kapita-lizmu, ak\u00fd maj\u00fa USA, sa bohat\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00fa bohat\u0161\u00edmi, robotn\u00edci chudobnej\u0161\u00edmi, a b\u00fdval\u00e1 stredn\u00e1 trieda smeruje ku krachu. Posledn\u00e9 dva v\u00fdsledky nazval Marx \u201eochudob\u0148ovan\u00edm\u201c \u2013 presne tak to vyzer\u00e1, ke\u010f m\u00e1te rakovinu, ale nem\u00e1te zdravotn\u00e9 poistenie, alebo m\u00e1te zaplati\u0165 hypot\u00e9ku, a v\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u010det z\u00edva bezn\u00e1dejnou pr\u00e1zdnotou.  <\/p>\n<p> Marx predpokladal, \u017ee kapitalizmus padne odu\u0161evnen\u00fdm, proakt\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom: robotn\u00edci, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa pln\u00e9 zuby ochudob\u0148ovania, povstan\u00fa a preber\u00fa kontrolu nad \u201ev\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi faktormi\u201c a cel\u00e9 to za\u010dn\u00fa riadi\u0165 sami. To bol p\u00f4vodn\u00fd, predsovietsky obraz socializmu. Revol\u00facia nepri\u0161la, minim\u00e1lne nie tu. Posledn\u00fdch sedemdesiat rokov americk\u00ed robotn\u00edci prijali klesaj\u00face re\u00e1lne platy, rast\u00face ceny, zr\u00fdch\u013eovanie pracovn\u00e9ho tempa, mizn\u00face penzie a st\u00e1le \u00fabohej\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 poistenie. Zatia\u013e \u010do platy mana\u017e\u00e9rov r\u00e1stli do osemcifern\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsiel a vy\u0161\u0161ie, be\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia si priberali druh\u00e9 zamestnania a tla\u010dili sa vo viacgenera\u010dn\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach s nepohodlne dlh\u00fdm \u010dakan\u00edm na k\u00fape\u013e\u0148u.  <\/p>\n<p> No cel\u00e9 toto o\u017eobra\u010dovanie, spojen\u00e9 s neuverite\u013en\u00fdm bohatnut\u00edm na \u0161pici, nakoniec destabilizovalo kapitalistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Ke\u010f u\u017e nie pre ni\u010d in\u00e9, tak preto, \u017ee americkou n\u00e1hradou za n\u00edzke platy boli \u013eahko dostupn\u00e9 p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky. E\u0161te pred rokom dost\u00e1val priemern\u00fd \u010dlovek denn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a ponuky, ktor\u00e9 ho vyz\u00fdvali, aby \u201ekonsolidoval svoje dlhy\u201c, refinancoval svoje b\u00fdvanie, presunul dlhy z jednej kreditnej karty na in\u00fa, a vysk\u00fa\u0161al nov\u00e9, l\u00e1kav\u00e9 hypot\u00e9ky, ktor\u00e9 nevy\u017eadovali ani spolu\u00fa\u010das\u0165. A\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto.  <\/p>\n<p> Na druhej strane spektra \u2013 v prostred\u00ed s\u00fakromn\u00fdch pr\u00fadov\u00fdch lietadiel \u2013 bol probl\u00e9m. \u010co robi\u0165 s mno\u017estvom pe\u0148az\u00ed. Niektor\u00ed zo superboh\u00e1\u010dov si museli naja\u0165 konzultantov, aby im ich pomohli m\u00ed\u0148a\u0165. Kde n\u00e1jdete v\u00edno za 20-tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov za f\u013ea\u0161u? Alebo nov\u00e9ho Picassa na stenu v k\u00fape\u013eni? Alebo v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie \u2013 probl\u00e9mom bolo, kde investova\u0165. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee obrovsk\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia majetku m\u00f4\u017ee fungova\u0165 ako div\u00e1 vlna, ni\u010diaca bez rozmyslu v\u0161etko okolo pri h\u013eadan\u00ed e\u0161te vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdnosov. Mnoho z t\u00fdchto pe\u0148az\u00ed \u0161lo, priamo \u010di nepriamo, do pochybn\u00fdch \u00faverov\u00fdch sch\u00e9m pre nebohat\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu. A tak zl\u00e9 dlhy spodiny ohrozili aj superbohat\u00fa elitu.  <\/p>\n<p> Marx tvrdil, \u017ee koexistencia obrovsk\u00e9ho bohatstva v ruk\u00e1ch malej skupiny a rast\u00facej chudoby v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny, je nielen mor\u00e1lne nespr\u00e1vna, ale aj nevyhnutne nestabiln\u00e1. Mo\u017eno sa m\u00fdlil, pokia\u013e ide o pr\u00ed\u010diny nestability, nik v\u0161ak u\u017e nem\u00f4\u017ee tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee nestabilita neexistuje. Ke\u010f sa ob\u017eerstvo bohat\u00fdch spojilo s potrebami chudobn\u00fdch \u2013 napr\u00edklad potrebou b\u00fdvania \u2013 v\u00fdsledkom je glob\u00e1lna \u00faverov\u00e1 kr\u00edza.  <\/p>\n<p> Je prirodzen\u00e9, \u017ee ju treba rie\u0161i\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee budeme rie\u0161i\u0165 chudobu a nerovnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 k nej viedla. Je treba vyk\u00fapi\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm hroz\u00ed vys\u0165ahovanie, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 potravinov\u00fa podporu pre najchudobnej\u0161\u00edch, roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 podporu v nezamestnanosti, za\u010da\u0165 s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi verejn\u00fdmi invest\u00edciami do infra\u0161trukt\u00fary vytv\u00e1raj\u00facimi pracovn\u00e9 miesta, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa n\u00e1klady na zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 naj\u010dastej\u0161ou bezprostrednou pr\u00ed\u010dinou osobn\u00fdch bankrotov, zavies\u0165 univerz\u00e1lne zdravotn\u00e9 poistenie.  <\/p>\n<p> Tak\u017ee, v\u0161etko najlep\u0161ie k narodenin\u00e1m, Komunistick\u00fd manifest. Hoci ver\u00edm, \u017ee kapitalizmus toto e\u0161te pre\u017eije \u2013 ke\u010f pre ni\u010d in\u00e9, tak pre nedostatok inej alternat\u00edvy. Prinajmen\u0161om by sme mohli d\u00fafa\u0165 v regul\u00e1cie a pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00ed doh\u013ead. \u00c1no, bude to znamena\u0165, \u017ee ekonomika bude vyzera\u0165 menej ako \u201eslobodn\u00fd trh\u201c. No za posledn\u00e9 mesiace sme sa u\u017e mohli nau\u010di\u0165, \u017ee \u201evo\u013enos\u0165\u201c, pokia\u013e ide o podnikanie, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 iba in\u00fdm pomenovan\u00edm pre boles\u0165 niekoho in\u00e9ho.  <\/p>\n<p> Barbara Ehrenreichov\u00e1  <\/p>\n<p> \u010cl\u00e1nok bol uverejnen\u00fd v t\u00fd\u017edenn\u00edku The Nation  <\/p>\n<p> Ze str\u00e1nek : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.noveslovo.sk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.noveslovo.sk<\/a>  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tento rok oslavuje Komunistick\u00fd manifest 160. narodeniny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}