{"id":5,"date":"2021-08-18T00:46:03","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T22:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/10\/18\/co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-1\/"},"modified":"2021-08-22T20:07:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T18:07:28","slug":"co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/08\/18\/co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Co vedlo k sov\u011btsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 dohod\u011b roku 1939? (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>15. b\u0159ezna 1939 po\u0161lapalo N\u011bmecko mnichovskou dohodu, \u010ceskoslovensko a jeho hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha byly okupov\u00e1ny. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie neu\u010dinily nic z toho, co jim ukl\u00e1daly z\u00e1vazky, je\u017e v Mnichov\u011b v\u016f\u010di \u010ceskoslovensku p\u0159ijaly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Promarn\u011bn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abychom pochopili celou slo\u017eitost mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed situace na ja\u0159e a v l\u00e9t\u011b 1939, mus\u00edme se vr\u00e1tit k ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e1 hitlerovsk\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku otev\u0159ela cestu k rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u2014 k hanebn\u00e9mu spiknut\u00ed hitlerovsk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka a fa\u0161istick\u00e9 It\u00e1lie s Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a Franci\u00ed, tak zhoubn\u00e9mu pro m\u00edr, ke smlouv\u011b, podepsan\u00e9 v Mnichov\u011b 30. z\u00e1\u0159i 1938, kter\u00e1 skoncovala s \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie se p\u0159itom zav\u00e1zaly zaru\u010dit nedotknutelnost nov\u00fdch hranic vnucen\u00fdch \u010ceskoslovensku a N\u011bmecko p\u0159isl\u00edbilo tyto hranice \u00bbrespektovat\u00ab. Mnichovsk\u00e1 dohoda stanovila, \u017ee krom\u011b postoupen\u00ed Sudet N\u011bmecku uspokoj\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensko \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky horthyovsk\u00e9ho Ma\u010farska a sana\u010dn\u00edho Polska; jestli\u017ee nebude takov\u00e9 \u00fapravy dosa\u017eeno b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, stane se tato ot\u00e1zka p\u0159edm\u011btem dal\u0161\u00edho jedn\u00e1ni hlav \u010dty\u0159 vl\u00e1d.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed Mnichovem, v b\u0159eznu 1938, kdy hitlerovsk\u00e9 N\u011bmecko anektovalo Rakousko a Hitler p\u0159ijel do V\u00eddn\u011b na p\u0159ehl\u00eddku jednotek wehrmachtu, je\u017e Rakousko okupovaly, nav\u0161t\u00edvil fuhrera polsk\u00fd velvyslanec, kter\u00fd byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b ve V\u00eddni. Blahop\u0159\u00e1l v\u016fdci nacist\u016f k an\u0161lusu a p\u0159i t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti s n\u00edm promluvil o osudu \u010ceskoslovenska, je\u017e se, jak u\u017e bylo z\u0159ejm\u011b, m\u011blo st\u00e1t ob\u011bt\u00ed agresora a z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mu hr\u00e1ly do ruky. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee to nebyla zdaleka prvn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna n\u00e1zor\u016f mezi polsk\u00fdmi a n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u010diniteli o okle\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska. Takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo uskute\u010dn\u011bno u\u017e roku 1937 a mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile do Var\u0161avy do\u0161la zpr\u00e1va o mnichovsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, Polsko okam\u017eit\u011b, bez jedin\u00e9ho dne odkladu, dalo \u010ceskoslovensku ultim\u00e1tum, aby neprodlen\u011b, b\u011bhem 12 hodin, odevzdalo Polsku cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Slezska.<\/p>\n<p>Polsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Jozef Beck j\u00e1sal. Za svou akci \u2014 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Slezska \u2014 byl vyznamen\u00e1n nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm polsk\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem B\u00edl\u00e9ho orla a dv\u011b polsk\u00e9 univerzity si posp\u00ed\u0161ily ud\u011blit mu \u010destn\u00fd doktor\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Od mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody neuplynul ani m\u011bs\u00edc, a u\u017e 24. \u0159\u00edjna roku 1938 prohl\u00e1sil hitlerovsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed J. von Ribbentrop v rozhovoru s polsk\u00fdm velvyslancem v N\u011bmecku J. Lipsk\u00fdm, \u017ee v z\u00e1jmu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch polsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f mus\u00ed Polsko p\u0159istoupit na za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed \u00bbsvobodn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Danzigu\u00ab do N\u011bmecka a na p\u0159id\u011bleni exteritori\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u00e1sma p\u0159es takzvan\u00fd koridor, tj. p\u0159es polsk\u00e9 Pomo\u0159\u00ed, kde N\u011bmecko hodl\u00e1 postavit \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 a d\u00e1lnici k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed V\u00fdchodn\u00edho Pruska s ostatn\u00edm N\u011bmeckem. Tyto n\u00e1vrhy vnesly do polsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f nov\u00fd, znepokojiv\u00fd prvek. V lednu 1939 u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti p\u00e1t\u00e9ho v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed polsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 smlouvy o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed, co\u017e byla prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 smlouva uzav\u0159en\u00e1 s N\u011bmeckem u\u017e rok po nastolen\u00ed fa\u0161istick\u00e9 diktatury, nav\u0161t\u00edvil Ribbentrop Var\u0161avu. P\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o polsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech na baltsk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ribbentrop \u00bbjen tak mezi \u0159e\u010d\u00ed\u00ab podotkl, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuje-li Polsko p\u0159\u00edstup k mo\u0159i, \u00bb\u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e je tak\u00e9 mo\u0159e\u00ab. Dokumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tohoto rozhovoru sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee Beckovi se v\u00fdrok jeho hosta zamlouval a \u017ee jevil z\u00e1jem o mo\u017enost, jak z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k \u010cern\u00e9mu mo\u0159i zabr\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Ukrajiny. Koncem ledna prohl\u00e1sil Hitler v projevu k \u0161est\u00e9mu v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edchodu k moci, \u017ee pr\u00fd v neklidn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch uplynul\u00e9ho roku \u00bbbylo uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem evropsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota n\u011bmecko-polsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>15. b\u0159ezna 1939 po\u0161lapalo N\u011bmecko mnichovskou dohodu, \u010ceskoslovensko a jeho hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha byly okupov\u00e1ny. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie neu\u010dinily<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[14,51,47,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3322,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5\/revisions\/3322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}