{"id":51,"date":"2007-11-05T14:59:18","date_gmt":"2007-11-05T13:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/11\/05\/k-modelu-socialismu-6\/"},"modified":"2007-11-05T14:59:18","modified_gmt":"2007-11-05T13:59:18","slug":"k-modelu-socialismu-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/11\/05\/k-modelu-socialismu-6\/","title":{"rendered":"K modelu socialismu (6)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"kscm\"<\/a>SOCIALISMUS <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Socialismus, jeho\u017e dosa\u017een\u00ed je nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem komunistick\u00e9ho hnuti, je prvn\u00ed, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Je p\u0159echodem od kapitalismu, od n\u011bho\u017e jej d\u011bl\u00ed hlubok\u00fd p\u0159eryv, ke komunismu, s n\u00edm\u017e u\u017e stoj\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b. Jako p\u0159echod nese na sob\u011b nutn\u011b znaky obou. Prvn\u00ed, stopy kapitalismu, z n\u011bho\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed – tzv. mate\u0159sk\u00e1 znam\u00e9nka kapitalismu -jsou t\u00edm, co je mo\u017eno a nutno p\u0159evz\u00edt z kapitalismu. Druh\u00e9, v\u00fdhonky komunismu, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1ni k \u00fapln\u00e9mu komunismu. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n prvn\u00edch je do\u010dasn\u00e9. Postupuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdvojem socialismu jsou vytla\u010dov\u00e1ny stup\u0148ovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdhonky komunismu a\u017e do jejich pln\u00e9ho vyzr\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159evl\u00e1dnut\u00ed. Lenin naz\u00fdval mate\u0159sk\u00e1 znam\u00e9nka kapitalismu bur\u017eoazn\u00edmi jevy bez bur\u017eoazie, polo-jevy (polo-st\u00e1t, polo-t\u0159\u00edda, apod.). <\/p>\n

Socialismus je postupn\u00fdm p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm star\u00e9ho a budov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00e9ho. Rozpor star\u00e9ho a nov\u00e9ho je hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm rozporem socialismu, motorem jeho v\u00fdvoje ke komunismu. <\/p>\n

Dokud v\u00fdhonky komunismu pln\u011b nep\u0159evl\u00e1dnou, je socialismus historick\u00fdm, t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm boje mezi kapitalismem a komunismem – kdo s koho. <\/p>\n

V ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u011bru prvn\u00edch i druh\u00fdch znak\u016f socialismu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k chyb\u00e1m. Jsou zp\u016fsobov\u00e1ny a podm\u00edn\u011bny t\u00edm, \u017ee star\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 neexistuje odd\u011blen\u011b vedle sebe, n\u00fdbr\u017e prostupuje v\u0161echny jevy socialismu, a je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je u\u017e od sebe rozeznat a pochopit spr\u00e1vn\u011b pom\u011br k nim. <\/p>\n

Nevyhnutelnost existence mate\u0159sk\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek b\u00fdv\u00e1 na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1na. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se pak nevid\u00ed, \u017ee nemohou b\u00fdt p\u0159evzata v podob\u011b a funkci, jakou m\u011bla za kapitalismu. \u017de mus\u00ed b\u00fdt postavena na nov\u00fd z\u00e1klad, zbavena specificky kapitalistick\u00fdch rys\u016f a adaptov\u00e1na tak, aby mohl do\u010dasn\u011b slou\u017eit socialismu. Jinak se obrac\u00ed proti socialismu a nesou s sebou hrozbu n\u00e1vratu ke kapitalismu. <\/p>\n

U v\u00fdhonk\u016f komunismu pak hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee jako p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 stupn\u011b ke komunismu jsou nerealisticky pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za u\u017e dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle, co\u017e vede k fale\u0161n\u00e9mu sebeuspokojen\u00ed a k zast\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pohledu na horu probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed socialistickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b stoj\u00ed. Nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pak pochopit, jak\u00e9 podm\u00ednky je t\u0159eba vytv\u00e1\u0159et, aby p\u0159echod ke komunismu prob\u00edhal plynule a bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1drhel\u016f. <\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee uveden\u00e1 problematika se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech spole\u010densk\u00fdch jev\u016f, aspo\u0148 n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. <\/p>\n

Mate\u0159sk\u00e1 znam\u00e9nka kapitalismu<\/strong> <\/p>\n

V z\u00e1sad\u011b dvoj\u00ed forma socialistick\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed – v\u0161elidov\u00e9ho a skupinov\u00e9ho, a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 zbytky t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e omezen\u00fdch a po omezenou dobu, zbo\u017en\u011b pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah\u016f, trhu. St\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed star\u00e1 d\u011blba pr\u00e1ce, je\u0161t\u011b zcela nep\u0159ekonan\u00fd rozd\u00edl fyzick\u00e9 a du\u0161evn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, m\u011bsta a venkova. Pr\u00e1ce je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako zdroj ob\u017eivy. Rozvoj v\u00fdrobn\u00edch sil, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed (na rozd\u00edl od komunismu) zat\u00edm jen odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed) podle mno\u017estv\u00ed, kvality a spole\u010densk\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitosti pr\u00e1ce – \u201ebur\u017eoazn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo bez bur\u017eoazie"(stejn\u00fd metr na nestejn\u00e9 lidi); v tom je\u0161t\u011b ne\u00fapln\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnost. Zbytky neantagonistick\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd. Je\u0161t\u011b politika jako vztah mezi t\u0159\u00eddami a jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nutnost vedouc\u00ed politick\u00e9 s\u00edly, zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1ni kup\u0159edu. St\u00e1t a jeho org\u00e1ny jako mocensko – politick\u00e1 instituce. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed a star\u00e9 funkce kultury, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni element\u016f star\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed z\u00e1bavy a sportu. N\u00e1rody, sice socialisticky p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9, naprosto svobodn\u00e9, p\u0159i jejich po\u010detn\u00ed nerovnosti v\u0161ak s limitovan\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi. Je\u0161t\u011b ne zcela p\u0159ekonan\u00e9 star\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni star\u00e9 mor\u00e1lky, star\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f, star\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu a stylu. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ideologick\u00fdch vliv\u016f minulosti, <\/p>\n

V\u00fdhonky komunismu<\/strong> <\/p>\n

P\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a postupn\u00e9 napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed komunistick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f ve v\u0161ech oblastech spole\u010densk\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nekontrolovateln\u00e9 \u017eivelnosti. <\/p>\n

Odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed neekologick\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, ozdravov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pronik\u00e1ni automatizace a v\u0161ech vymo\u017eenost\u00ed v\u011bdy a techniky do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doby, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Intelektualizace pr\u00e1ce, nezbytn\u00fd vzr\u016fst v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vzd\u011blanosti. Trval\u00fd r\u016fst \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159i postupn\u00e9m sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu individu\u00e1ln\u00edch mezd vzr\u016fstem spole\u010densk\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech \u017eivotn\u00edch pot\u0159eb lid\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Postupn\u00e9 spl\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed dvou forem spole\u010densk\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed v jedno celospole\u010densk\u00e9. T\u00edm postupn\u00e1 likvidace zbytk\u016f t\u0159\u00eddnosti. Spolu s t\u00edm odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed politiky, politick\u00e9ho stranictv\u00ed, st\u00e1tu. Nahrazen\u00ed politick\u00e9 demokracie \u0161irokou nepolitickou samospr\u00e1vou na v\u0161ech stupn\u00edch. <\/p>\n

S r\u016fstem socialistick\u00e9 internacionality odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dosavadn\u00edch p\u0159ehrad mezi zem\u011bmi, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f \u00farovn\u011b mezi nimi. P\u00e1d nutnosti existence arm\u00e1d, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed podm\u00ednek v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho m\u00edru. Sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f a ras. Sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k celosv\u011btov\u00e9 integraci. <\/p>\n

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed poklesl\u00e9, bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed tzv. \u201emasov\u00e9 kultury". Jej\u00ed nahrazov\u00e1ni hodnotnou kulturou. R\u016fst celkov\u00e9 kulturnosti v \u017eivot\u011b spole\u010dnosti i ve vztaz\u00edch mezi lidmi. P\u0159ev\u00fdchova, sebep\u0159ev\u00fdchova lid\u00ed v dlouhodob\u00e9m procesu on\u011bch historick\u00fdch prom\u011bn. Vznik nov\u00e9 mor\u00e1lky, spojuj\u00edc\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci a soudr\u017enost s rozvojem zdrav\u00e9 individuality jednotlivc\u016f, se spole\u010denskou i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SOCIALISMUS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[18],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}