{"id":543,"date":"2007-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/01\/24\/kapital-proti-demokracii-8\/"},"modified":"2007-01-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-01-23T23:00:00","slug":"kapital-proti-demokracii-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/01\/24\/kapital-proti-demokracii-8\/","title":{"rendered":"KAPIT\u00c1L PROTI DEMOKRACII (8)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"D\u011bjiny p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9. <\/p>\n

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Povahu \u201ez\u00e1chrann\u00e1 operace" v l\u00e9t\u011b 1998 v\u0161ak p\u0159edur\u010dily i je\u0161t\u011b mnohem specifi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. T\u0159eba\u017ee povaha krize vy\u017eadovala z ryze ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska zcela odli\u0161n\u00fd postup, \u201epod mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm tlakem Clintonovy vl\u00e1dy… MMF p\u016fj\u010dil Rusku dolary, ov\u0161em Rusko je obratem dalo sv\u00fdm oligarch\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed je vyvezli ze zem\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s si neodpustili ironick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky, \u017ee by b\u00fdvalo bylo jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, kdyby MMF poslal pen\u00edze p\u0159\u00edmo na \u00fa\u010dty do \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch a kypersk\u00fdch bank. Nebyli to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jen oligarchov\u00e9, kdo m\u011bl ze z\u00e1chrany prosp\u011bch. Wall Street a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed bank\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed mimochodem pat\u0159ili k tem, kdo nejv\u00edc tla\u010dil na pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku, v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee pomoc nebude m\u00edt dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto i oni vyu\u017eili krati\u010dk\u00e9ho oddechu poskytnut\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrannou operac\u00ed k tomu, aby posb\u00edrali, co se dalo, a utekli ze zem\u011b. T\u00edm, \u017ee Fond poskytl Rusku pen\u00edze na v\u011bc odsouzenou k nezdaru, p\u0159ivedl tuto zemi do je\u0161t\u011b hlub\u0161\u00edho zadlu\u017een\u00ed… N\u00e1klady v\u0161ak nenesli \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci MMF, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dku za\u0159\u00eddili, ani Amerika, je\u017e se o ni zasazovala, ani z\u00e1padn\u00ed bank\u00e9\u0159i a oligarchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00ed m\u011bli prosp\u011bch, n\u00fdbr\u017e ru\u0161t\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci". Ani Daniel Bell – jeden z v\u016fbec nejbyst\u0159ej\u0161\u00edch prognostik\u016f takto \u201esvobodn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta" – nemohl tu\u0161it, co v\u0161e je\u0161t\u011b napln\u00ed bonmot, kter\u00fd napsal u\u017e v knize Kulturn\u00ed rozpory kapitalismu ze 70. let: \u0158ekl-li Terentius \u201enic lidsk\u00e9ho mi nen\u00ed ciz\u00ed", nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00e9ra m\u016f\u017ee se stejnou d\u00e1vkou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed prohl\u00e1sit \u201enic nelidsk\u00e9ho mi nen\u00ed ciz\u00ed". Av\u0161ak kdy\u017e k t\u00e9\u017ee knize psal roku 1996 Doslov, d\u016fvody k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed h\u0159e se zn\u00e1mou Clausewitzovou v\u011btou u\u017e m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed o\u010dima: \u201epro 21. stolet\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b ekonomika stala pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00e1lky jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky." <\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 Robert Reich byl ministrem v Clintonov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b. Jeho kritika trend\u016f, graduj\u00edc\u00edch v posledn\u00edch letech, obna\u017euje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich dopad – p\u0159\u00edmo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech: \u201ePracovat st\u00e1le intenzivn\u011bji, abychom konkurovali v syst\u00e9mu, kde je konkurence st\u00e1le nel\u00edtostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, prod\u00e1vat sebe sama se st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odhodlanost\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ve sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho spekulanta, d\u011blen\u00ed podle bohatstv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd takov\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed neust\u00e1le usnad\u0148uje – tyto jevy jsou samopoh\u00e1n\u011bc\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed se do nich zapojuje, t\u00edm bude situace nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a t\u00edm bude pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotlivce obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volit jinou cestu." Ani Reich p\u0159itom ne\u017eije v iluzi, \u017ee to v\u0161e jsou jen mantinely \u201erovn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed": \u201eMili\u00f3ny Ameri\u010dan\u016f – v\u010detn\u011b mne – byly vychov\u00e1ny, aby v\u011b\u0159ily v prostou dohodu: ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo usilovn\u011b pracoval, si mohl vyd\u011blat na lep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot pro sebe a svou rodinu." Jenom\u017ee nehled\u011b na s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed intenzifikaci pr\u00e1ce \u201ere\u00e1ln\u00e1 mzda v\u011bt\u0161iny Ameri\u010dan\u016f b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch patn\u00e1cti let klesala a rodiny m\u011bly pot\u00ed\u017ee s t\u00edm, aby si udr\u017eely slu\u0161n\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed standard. St\u00e1le v\u00edc se jich neudr\u017eelo ve st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b nebo ztratilo nad\u011bji, \u017ee se do n\u00ed vyhrabou… Navzdory obrovsk\u00e9 konjunktu\u0159e, k n\u00ed\u017e v t\u00e9to dob\u011b do\u0161lo, p\u0159\u00edjmy st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstev sotva poporostly… V roce 1980 m\u011blo zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed asi 41 procent d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f…, na konci 90. let jich bylo u\u017e jen 32 procent… <\/p>\n

K\u0159iklav\u00e1, pitom\u00e1 nespr\u00e1vnost toho, co se d\u011bje rodin\u00e1m manu\u00e1ln\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00edch, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podhoub\u00ed zoufalstv\u00ed a cynismu. Ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na\u0161e hodnoty, proto\u017ee se vysm\u00edv\u00e1 americk\u00e9 dohod\u011b spojuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed a odm\u011bnu. P\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee nalet\u011bli a nahlod\u00e1v\u00e1 drahocennou etiku odpov\u011bdnosti. Zav\u00edr\u00e1 br\u00e1ny velmi chud\u00fdm… Typick\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 rodina na spodn\u00ed polovin\u011b p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku m\u00e1 \u010distou hodnotu majetku dva tis\u00edce dolar\u016f nebo m\u00e9n\u011b." Naproti tomu \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm a jedin\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem vzestupu trh\u016f v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech bylo, \u017ee ti, kdo j\u00ed\u017e byli bohat\u00ed p\u0159ed rokem 1991, zbohatli poh\u00e1dkov\u011b. Nejbohat\u0161\u00edch deset procent Ameri\u010dan\u016f dostalo p\u011btaosmdes\u00e1t procent zisk\u016f na Wall Streetu. Nejbohat\u0161\u00ed jedno procento z nich z\u00edskalo pln\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159icet procent… Kdy\u017e rodi\u010de dne\u0161n\u00edch popula\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f opust\u00ed tento sv\u011bt, bohat\u0161\u00ed z nich po sob\u011b zanechaj\u00ed sb\u00edrku jm\u011bn\u00ed v hodnot\u011b o stovky miliard dolar\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e za n\u011b zaplatili. Jejich ratolesti ze siln\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f zd\u011bd\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezigenera\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch modern\u00ed civilizace". <\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edc Reicha pobu\u0159uje pr\u00e1v\u011b to, co hodl\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed zemi nad\u011blit \u201eModr\u00e1 \u0161ance": \u201eneexistuje ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed pro ohromn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u00ed spole\u010dnostem a bohat\u00fdm jako prost\u0159edek k siln\u00e9 ekonomice." Tato \u201epolon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 v\u00edra" je \u201ezalo\u017eena na chybn\u00e9 my\u0161lence, \u017ee korporace a bohat\u00ed jednotlivci, budou-li obda\u0159eni dal\u0161\u00edm bohatstv\u00edm nav\u00edc, budou v\u00edce sv\u00fdch pen\u011bz investovat a povzbud\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst. Ale v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice investi\u010dn\u00ed pen\u00edze cestuj\u00ed sv\u011btem, jak se sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vratnost…Toto ohromn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu bude putovat za v\u00fdrobci s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1klady a za vysoce produktivn\u00edmi v\u00fdrobci po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed d\u016fvod pro domn\u011bnku, \u017ee z\u016fstanou v Americe…" Reich rozho\u0159\u010den\u011b upozor\u0148uje i na hluboce antidemokratickou povahu dal\u0161\u00edho z n\u00e1pad\u016f, v nich\u017e se tak\u00e9 shl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 pravice: \u201eVlastn\u011b se vede \u00fatok na celou my\u0161lenku soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Protrhla se hr\u00e1z s n\u00e1vrhy, aby z n\u011bho bohat\u0161\u00ed a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vystoupili. A\u0165 u\u017e ve form\u011b soukrom\u00fdch ‚zdravotn\u00edch spo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f‘, kter\u00e9 by nahradily zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nebo ve form\u011b ‚osobn\u00edch d\u016fchodov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f‘, kter\u00e9 by nahradily soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, co\u017e by vedlo k naprosto stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku: bohat\u0161\u00ed a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed by ji\u017e nesd\u00edleli riziko s t\u011bmi, u kter\u00fdch je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budou nemocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010di chud\u0161\u00ed… Odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed rodin se st\u0159edn\u00edm nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm vrac\u00ed Ameriku zp\u00e1tky do \u010das\u016f rasov\u011b segregovan\u00fdch sousedstv\u00ed." <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy Sk\u00e1la, J.: D\u011bjiny psan\u00e9 kur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159episovan\u00e9 zbab\u011blci. OREGO, Praha 2005 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u011bjiny p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9.      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[96],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/543"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}