{"id":55,"date":"2007-11-05T15:07:16","date_gmt":"2007-11-05T14:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/11\/05\/k-modelu-socialismu-10\/"},"modified":"2007-11-05T15:07:16","modified_gmt":"2007-11-05T14:07:16","slug":"k-modelu-socialismu-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/11\/05\/k-modelu-socialismu-10\/","title":{"rendered":"K modelu socialismu (10)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kscm.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-42\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/11\/kscm.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"kscm\" title=\"kscm\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"55\" height=\"51\" align=\"left\" \/><\/a>KOMUNISTICK\u00c1 STRANA &#8211; STRANA D\u011aLNICK\u00c9 T\u0158\u00cdDY <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p> Komunistick\u00e1 strana je stranou d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy v tom smyslu, \u017ee jej\u00edm \u00fakolem je v\u00e9st spole\u010dnost k spln\u011bn\u00ed historick\u00e9ho \u00fakolu d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. Nikoli \u017ee by h\u00e1jila \u00fakoly \u00fazce d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, i kdy\u017e to pat\u0159\u00ed k jej\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm hlavn\u00edm. Nikoli \u017ee by mohla nebo m\u011bla \u010derpat sv\u00e9 k\u00e1dry jen z d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, \u00cd kdy\u017e ty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt jej\u00edm j\u00e1drem. Jej\u00edm \u010dlenem se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo vezme pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakolu d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy za sv\u016fj. Tedy i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci jin\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd a vrstev, pokud dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ekonat z\u00e1vislost na t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e poch\u00e1zej\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p> S p\u0159edstavou o mizen\u00ed d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy je spojeno vol\u00e1n\u00ed odvolat charakteristiku komunistick\u00e9 strany jako strany d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy a nahradit ji charakteristikou \u201estrana pracuj\u00edc\u00edch&quot;. A\u010dkoli by to v jist\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e mohlo b\u00fdt agita\u010dn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, je to v podstat\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Pojem \u201epracuj\u00edc\u00ed&quot; je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u0161eobecn\u00fd a nevyhran\u011bn\u00fd. Nech\u00e1 se do n\u011bj zahrnout ka\u017ed\u00fd, od p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159es malobur\u017eoazii a\u017e dokonce po pracuj\u00ed kapitalisty (jak to d\u011blaj\u00ed ti, kdo odli\u0161uj\u00ed parazitn\u00ed kapitalistick\u00e9 renti\u00e9ry od \u201ed\u011bln\u00fdch&quot; kapitalist\u016f, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e onou jejich prac\u00ed je t\u0159eba hra na burze). Vol\u00e1n\u00ed po p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b charakteru strany v \u201estranu pracuj\u00edc\u00edch&quot; znamen\u00e1 prakticky orientovat ji na tzv. st\u0159edn\u00ed vrstvy. Ty, vzhledem k sv\u00e9mu st\u0159edov\u00e9mu postaven\u00ed mezi proletari\u00e1tem a bur\u017eoazi\u00ed jsou kol\u00edsav\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci se nevzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nad\u011bje vy\u0161vihnout se nebo se aspo\u0148 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit postaven\u00ed bur\u017eoazie. V\u011bt\u0161inou se v\u0161ak ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u00fdt sra\u017eeni na spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku dol\u016f, boj\u00ed se proletarizace, a proto se distancuj\u00ed od komunist\u016f. Nadb\u00edhat j\u00edm znamen\u00e1 vzd\u00e1vat se vlastn\u00ed historick\u00e9 role komunistick\u00e9 strany jako d\u016fsledn\u00e9 opozice proti kapitalistick\u00e9, bur\u017eoazn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, \u201ezreformovat se&quot; tak, jak po tom volaj\u00ed jej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a protivn\u00edci, a prom\u011bnit se oportunisticky v jednu ze st\u0159edov\u00fdch malobur\u017eoazn\u00edch stran, smi\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch se s kapitalismem,. Nad\u011bje na pos\u00edlen\u00ed pozice takov\u00e9 strany jsou ostatn\u011b pochyben\u00e9 &#8211; v boji o ony st\u0159edov\u00e9 vrstvy existuje u\u017e tak dost velk\u00e1 tla\u010denice. <\/p>\n<p> CHYBY TYKAJ\u00cdC\u00cd SE OBECN\u00c9 TEORETICK\u00c9 PROBLEMATIKY SOCIALISMU <\/p>\n<p> Podstatou v\u0161ech chyb v pom\u011bru k teorii socialismu je opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed marxismu, vrchol\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e jeho otev\u0159en\u00fdm odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm a zavrhov\u00e1n\u00edm, a jeho nahrazov\u00e1n\u00edm za&quot;modern\u00ed&quot; vyd\u00e1van\u00fdmi star\u00fdmi, d\u00e1vno p\u0159ekonan\u00fdmi koncepty, nap\u0159. soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, kter\u00e1 je u\u017e ostatn\u011b d\u00e1vno opustila, nebo malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00fdm anarchosyndikalismem a\u017e utopismem; a potom konglomer\u00e1tem por\u016fznu posb\u00edran\u00fdch bur\u017eoazn\u00edch teori\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p> 1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed je nerozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed stup\u0148\u016f v\u00fdvoje od kapitalismu ke komunismu:  <\/p>\n<p> a) p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k socialismu (= \u201e re\u00e1ln\u00fd socialismus &quot; \/\/RSI);  <\/p>\n<p> b) p\u0159echodu od socialismu ke komunismu,  <\/p>\n<p> c) komunismu. <\/p>\n<p> 2. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd postoj k rozd\u00edlu mezi p\u0159echodem k socialismu (tj. RS) a socialismem u\u017e dosti\u017een\u00fdm. <\/p>\n<p> a) Takov\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed se odm\u00edt\u00e1 &#8211; s poukazov\u00e1n\u00edm na to, \u017ee klasikov\u00e9 psali celkov\u011b o p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu ke komunismu prost\u011b jako o socialismu. Ano \u2013 v\u0161ude tam, kde se vyjad\u0159ovali obecn\u011b, v hlavn\u00edch rysech. Ale nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee v\u016fbec nerozli\u0161ovali mezi p\u0159echodem k socialismu a socialismem ,jako takov\u00fdm&quot;. Marx nap\u0159. p\u00ed\u0161e o \u201edlouh\u00fdch porodn\u00edch bolestech socialismu&quot;. V SSSR se hovo\u0159ilo o \u201ekroc\u00edch k socialismu&quot;, hodnotilo se, co u\u017e bylo vykon\u00e1no na cest\u011b k socialismu. Ostatn\u011b formulace o \u00fakolu dos\u00e1hnut \u201erozvinut\u00e9ho socialismu&quot; sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b o onom rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n<p> b) Na obdob\u00ed p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k socialismu se naz\u00edr\u00e1 z pozice praxe tzv. re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho socialismu. Nam\u00edsto aby postup byl zcela opa\u010dn\u00fd, aby obecn\u00e1 teorie p\u0159echodn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed od kapitalismu k socialismu byla br\u00e1na za z\u00e1klad a v\u00fdchodisko k objektivn\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed on\u00e9 praxe. D\u016fsledkem pak je\u017e, \u017ee se na hotov\u00fd socialismus, na pojem socialismu jako takov\u00e9ho, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nehotovosti teprve za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho (\u201ere\u00e1ln\u00e9ho&quot;)socialismu,nav\u00edc v\u010detn\u011b toho, co zd\u011bdil jako ciz\u00ed z minulosti a co se mu je\u0161t\u011b nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat. A p\u0159ipisuje se mu to, k \u010demu byl re\u00e1ln\u00fd socialismus donucov\u00e1n kapitalismem, usiluj\u00edc\u00edm o jeho zni\u010den\u00ed; Lenin opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b po\u017eadoval, aby to nebylo svalov\u00e1no na socialismus, n\u00fdbr\u017e obraceno proti skute\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m a p\u016fvodc\u016fm &#8211; kapitalismu a bur\u017eoazii. <\/p>\n<p> Ob\u011b chyby hraj\u00ed do rukou t\u011bm, kdo pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed socialismus diskreditovat. Prohla\u0161ovat jej na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b za \u201ezlo\u010dinn\u00fd&quot;, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b za sice kr\u00e1snou, ale \u201ebl\u00e1hovou nesplnitelnou utopii&quot;. V \u010cem\u017e je implicite podporuj\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o&quot;vizi&quot; (= \u201emodern\u011b&quot; zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slovo nam\u00edsto progn\u00f3za) socialismu. <\/p>\n<p> 3. Nerozli\u0161uje se (v\u017edy jedna jedin\u00e1) v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 platn\u00e1 podstata socialismu od zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a jedine\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Co\u017e dovoluje mluvit o modelech&quot; socialismu v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle a vym\u00fd\u0161let dal\u0161\u00ed \u201esocialismus pro 21. stolet\u00ed&quot; Mluven\u00ed o \u201emodelech&quot; znamen\u00e1 z\u0159eknut\u00ed se obecn\u00e9ho marxistick\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed jako \u201ezastaral\u00e9ho&quot; nebo p\u0159\u00edmo jeho pop\u0159en\u00ed jako \u00fadajn\u011b \u201ezkrachovan\u00e9ho&quot;. <\/p>\n<p> Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KOMUNISTICK\u00c1 STRANA &#8211; STRANA D\u011aLNICK\u00c9 T\u0158\u00cdDY<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[18],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}