{"id":6,"date":"2021-08-23T00:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T22:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/10\/18\/co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-2\/"},"modified":"2021-08-22T20:09:43","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T18:09:43","slug":"co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/08\/23\/co-vedlo-k-sovtsko-nmecke-dohod-roku-1939-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Co vedlo k sov\u011btsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 dohod\u011b roku 1939? (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>15. b\u0159ezna 1939 po\u0161lapalo N\u011bmecko mnichovskou dohodu, \u010ceskoslovensko a jeho hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha byly okupov\u00e1ny. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie neu\u010dinily nic z toho, co jim ukl\u00e1daly z\u00e1vazky, je\u017e v Mnichov\u011b v\u016f\u010di \u010ceskoslovensku p\u0159ijaly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se z\u0159etelem k mo\u017enosti nov\u00e9 agrese hitlerovsk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka navrhla 18. b\u0159ezna britsk\u00e9mu velvyslanci v Moskv\u011b, aby byla svol\u00e1na konference p\u0159edstavitel\u016f SSSR, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Francie, Rumunska, Polska a Turecka, kde by se ujednotil spole\u010dn\u00fd postoj t\u011bchto mocnost\u00ed. Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da odpov\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee svol\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9 konference pova\u017euje za \u00bbp\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9\u00ab, a\u010dkoli vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed, 21. b\u0159ezna, navrhla, aby se Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, SSSR, Francie a Polsko dohodly o spole\u010dn\u00fdch konzultac\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se opat\u0159en\u00ed k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed agrese proti kter\u00e9mukoli evropsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. Sotva v\u0161ak sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da projevila s t\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem z\u00e1sadn\u00ed souhlas, sama Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee podle jej\u00edho n\u00e1zoru tato ot\u00e1zka odpad\u00e1. Neposledn\u00ed \u00falohu v tom sehr\u00e1l patrn\u011b postoj Polska. Beck u\u017e pov\u011b\u0159il polsk\u00e9ho velvyslance ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, aby britskou vl\u00e1du informoval, \u017ee se Polsko kategoricky stav\u00ed proti \u00fa\u010dasti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu na jak\u00fdchkoli dohod\u00e1ch o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pomoci.<\/p>\n<p>22. b\u0159ezna 1939 okupovalo N\u011bmecko litevsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed m\u011bsto na Baltu M\u00e9mel (Klajpedu). Britsk\u00fd ministersk\u00fd p\u0159edseda N. Chamberlain 31. b\u0159ezna v Doln\u00ed sn\u011bmovn\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee dojde-li k jak\u00e9koli akci, kter\u00e1 by zjevn\u011b ohro\u017eovala polskou nez\u00e1vislost, a bude-li Polsko kl\u00e1st odpor vlastn\u00edmi silami, p\u0159ijde mu Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie na pomoc. Obdobnou z\u00e1ruku poskytla Polsku i Francie spojen\u00e1 s n\u00edm vojenskou dohodou. Beck neprodlen\u011b zam\u00ed\u0159il do Lond\u00fdna. Zde byly britsk\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky po nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zakotveny v dvoustrann\u00e9 dohod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Britsk\u00e9 listy vysv\u011btlovaly podstatu britsk\u00e9ho stanoviska. Zejm\u00e9na vlivn\u00fd list Times v\u00fdslovn\u011b napsal, \u017ee britsk\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky maj\u00ed v patrnosti pouze ot\u00e1zku nez\u00e1vislosti Polska, ne v\u0161ak jeho \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost. A nacistick\u00fd den\u00edk Volkscher Beobachter prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f je chv\u00edle, kdy m\u00e1 Polsko vyhov\u011bt \u00bbskromn\u00fdm a um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdm&#8220;, rozhodn\u011b v\u0161ak \u00bbspravedliv\u00fdm\u00ab po\u017eadavk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>14. dubna navrhla britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, aby poskytla jednostrann\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky Polsku a Rumunsku. V odpov\u011bdi 17. dubna p\u0159edlo\u017eil SSSR protin\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzely mo\u017enost z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky: neomezovat se na poskytnut\u00ed z\u00e1ruk pouze Polsku a Rumunsku, n\u00fdbr\u017e uzav\u0159\u00edt sov\u011btsko-britsko-francouzsk\u00fd trojstrann\u00fd pakt o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pomoci a zaru\u010dit nez\u00e1vislost v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00edch s SSSR od Baltu po \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na sv\u00fdch n\u00e1vrz\u00edch trvala.<\/p>\n<p>Situace v Evrop\u011b byla st\u00e1le napjat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Hitlerovsk\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku neunikla britsko-polsk\u00e1 dohoda o vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch podepsan\u00e1 po\u010d\u00e1tkem m\u011bs\u00edce. 28. dubna v 11:45 hodin uv\u011bdomilo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Polsko, \u017ee vzhledem k uzav\u0159en\u00ed polsko-britsk\u00e9 dohody pova\u017euje N\u011bmecko polsko-n\u011bmeckou deklaraci o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed, podepsanou v lednu 1934, za nad\u00e1le neplatnou. Doslovn\u011b o \u010dtvrt hodiny pozd\u011bji za\u010dal rozhlas vys\u00edlat Hitler\u016fv projev potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed nesmi\u0159iteln\u00fd agresivn\u00ed postoj v\u016f\u010di Polsku a p\u0159\u00edmo vyhro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii. Hitler ozn\u00e1mil vypov\u011bzen\u00ed dohody s Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed o vojensk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch sil\u00e1ch, uzav\u0159en\u00e9 roku 1935.<\/p>\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>15. b\u0159ezna 1939 po\u0161lapalo N\u011bmecko mnichovskou dohodu, \u010ceskoslovensko a jeho hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha byly okupov\u00e1ny. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie neu\u010dinily<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[14,51,47,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3324,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6\/revisions\/3324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}