{"id":622,"date":"2007-02-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-02-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/02\/26\/zaklady-inskeho-jazyka-a-pisma\/"},"modified":"2007-02-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-02-25T23:00:00","slug":"zaklady-inskeho-jazyka-a-pisma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/02\/26\/zaklady-inskeho-jazyka-a-pisma\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1klady \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho jazyka a p\u00edsma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"logo\" title=\"logo\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"100\" height=\"65\" align=\"left\" \/> Co v\u00edme o kultu\u0159e \u0158\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159edu? U n\u00e1s v \u010cesk\u00e9 Republice \u010c\u00ednu zn\u00e1me jen jako v\u00fdrobce levn\u00e9ho textilu a nebo \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch pol\u00e9vek. Nebude proto na \u0161kodu, uk\u00e1zat si n\u011bco o tomto jazyce a tvorb\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch slov. K \u010demu \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina? Na rozhovor to u n\u00e1s nen\u00ed praktick\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d, ale je velice p\u011bkn\u00e1, a zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a pochop\u00edte, jak se d\u00e1 komunikovat pomoc\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f a jak asi fungovalo p\u00edsmo ve star\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p> <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p> N\u00e1hodou ze zv\u011bdavosti jsem \u0161la ji\u017e p\u0159ed lety na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky o \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b na univerzit\u011b Z\u010cU a tak m\u011b to zaujalo, \u017ee m\u011b ne to nedalo a p\u0159ece jen jsem se n\u011bco nau\u010dila. Je to moc hezk\u00e1 a poetick\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 znaky jsou zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 se po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed zjednodu\u0161ovali. V pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo k posledn\u00edmu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed, ale t\u0159eba na Tchajwanu a v emigraci se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u00e1le star\u00e9 znaky, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zk\u016fm v\u00edce.T\u0159eba znak pro d\u00edt\u011b, nebo kon\u011b. Viz obr\u00e1zky 1 a 2.  <\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-617\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/image001.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image001\" title=\"image001\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"623\" height=\"347\" align=\"left\" \/>  \t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-618\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/image003.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image003\" title=\"image003\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"623\" height=\"357\" align=\"left\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> V obr\u00e1zc\u00edch z u\u010debnice je historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj psan\u00ed znaku. Naho\u0159e vlevo v r\u00e1me\u010dku je znak jak se p\u00ed\u0161e dnes. Dole je po\u0159ad\u00ed tah\u016f jak\u00fdmse znak p\u00ed\u0161e. V z\u00e1vorce je znak jak se psal do pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. \u010c\u00edn\u0161tina se vyslovuje ve \u010dty\u0159ech r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u00f3nech. Jedno slovo vysloven\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby znamen\u00e1 v\u017edy n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho:  <\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>Ma &#8211; t\u00f3n vodorovn\u00fd je m\u00e1ma<\/strong><\/span>  <\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #00cc00\"><strong>M\u00e1 &#8211; t\u00f3n stoupav\u00fd je konop\u00ed<\/strong><\/span>  <\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #ff3300\"><strong>M\u00e1 &#8211; t\u00f3n klesaj\u00edc\u00ed je nad\u00e1vat<\/strong><\/span>  <\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>M\u00e1 &#8211; t\u00f3n nejprve klesaj\u00edc\u00ed a pak stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed je k\u016f\u0148<\/strong> <\/span> <\/p>\n<p> Ani \u010c\u00ed\u0148ani se mezi sebou nedomluv\u00ed \u2013 pr\u00fd si ve vlaku kresl\u00ed znaky na dla\u0148. Znaky jsou po cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b i v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch stejn\u00e9, ale v ka\u017ed\u00e9 oblasti se vyslovuj\u00ed jinak. V \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b existuje 213 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch znak\u016f &#8211; radik\u00e1l\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed znaky jsou slo\u017een\u00e9, maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamovou \u010d\u00e1st a fonetickou. Spojen\u00edm obr\u00e1zk\u016f, vznik\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam. V\u00fdznamov\u00e9 rozeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed znak\u016f:  <\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-619\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/image005.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image005\" title=\"image005\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"591\" height=\"849\" align=\"left\" \/>  \t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> Spojen\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch znak\u016f vznik\u00e1 tedy dvoj\u00ed v\u00fdznam \u2013 v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch znak\u016f a v\u00fdznam celkov\u00fd.<br \/> Japonsko = tam kde m\u00e1 slunce ko\u0159eny \u2013 znak pro slunce a znak pro ko\u0159en dohromady<br \/> Konop\u00ed = rostliny pod st\u0159echou<br \/> D\u011bln\u00edk = \u010dlov\u011bk a tesa\u0159sk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edlo\u017en\u00edk<br \/> Honit = dv\u011b \u00fasta na cest\u011b<br \/> \u010c\u00edna = znak pro zemi a znak pro st\u0159ed<br \/> D\u00edvat se = znak pro o\u010di s no\u017ei\u010dkami = kam o\u010di ut\u00edkaj\u00ed<br \/> \u017dena pod st\u0159echou \u2013 \u017eena v dom\u011b &#8211; znamen\u00e1 klid<br \/> \u017dena a d\u00edt\u011b znamen\u00e1 dobr\u00fd<br \/> \u00daroda = pole na strom\u011b, mo\u0159e = matka v\u0161ech vod  <\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-620\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/image007.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image007\" title=\"image007\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"572\" height=\"772\" align=\"left\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> St\u016fl = to co vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1 nad sluncem \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kus n\u00e1bytku<br \/> Ajds &#8211; nov\u00e9 slovo vzniklo spojen\u00edm znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 dohromady zn\u011bj\u00ed jako anglick\u00e9 slovo: milovat \u0161\u0165\u00e1va nemoc \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 ov\u0161em znamenaj\u00ed i smysl slova \u2013 vznik nemoci<br \/> M\u00edt = ruka dr\u017eet maso<br \/> \u201eZelen\u00e1\u010d\u201c (greenhorn) &#8211; \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b nic neum\u00ed \u2013 tj. zelen\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk = ra\u0161\u00edc\u00ed tr\u00e1va a dal\u0161\u00ed znaky<br \/> Pros\u00edm = \u0159\u00edkat slova, jak se slu\u0161\u00ed na \u201ezelen\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c<br \/> Vr\u00e1tn\u00fd = ten, co se d\u00edv\u00e1 na dve\u0159e<br \/> \u010cech = je slo\u017een ze znak\u016f: ruka &#8211; ko\u0161t\u011b &#8211; zvl\u00e1dnout<br \/> Ne = z\u00e1por je ze znak\u016f d\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdznam: nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 chytit to, co se to\u010d\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm v\u00edru<\/p>\n<p> V\u011bty se tvo\u0159\u00ed a \u010dtou jakoby odzadu. Mezi v\u011btami se obvykle ned\u011bl\u00e1 te\u010dka. <br \/> Minul\u00fd \u010das, ot\u00e1zku, p\u0159ivlast\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00e1dov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslovky ud\u011blaj\u00ed tak, \u017ee daj\u00ed do v\u011bty znak pro minulost nebo znak pro ot\u00e1zku a pod.<\/p>\n<p> A nakonec, co m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt na ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 restauraci:<br \/> Jak se \u0159ekne restaurace? Jsou to dva posledn\u00ed znaky v jej\u00edm n\u00e1zvu:<br \/> Restaurace je d\u016fm pro alkohol. Tedy se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze znaku pro d\u016fm \u2013 co\u017e je kombinace znak\u016f prase pod st\u0159echou a alkohol &#8211; kapalina v n\u00e1dob\u011b.<br \/> Jak to p\u0159elo\u017eil zn\u00e1m\u00fd, kdy\u017e se o\u017eeru, tak budu taky jako prase pod st\u0159echou. \uf04a <br \/> Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st znak\u016f v n\u00e1zvu restaurace je jej\u00ed specifick\u00fd n\u00e1zev.<br \/> T\u0159eba \u0160anghaj \u2013 znamen\u00e1 nad mo\u0159em. Nad a matka v\u0161ech vod.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-621\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/image009.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image009\" title=\"image009\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"569\" height=\"438\" align=\"left\" \/>  \t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> V \u010c\u00edn\u011b se p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed i SMS na mobilu znaky. P\u0159i sv\u00e1tc\u00edch se bav\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee skl\u00e1daj\u00ed znaky tak, aby m\u011bli pr\u00e1v\u011b tento dvoj\u00ed b\u00e1snick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed tak p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed k narozenin\u00e1m apod.<\/p>\n<p> U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bty foneticky neofici\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159episem:  <\/p>\n<p> <strong>N\u00ed chao<\/strong> = ty dobr\u00fd = dobr\u00fd den<br \/> <strong>V\u00f3 aj n\u00fd <\/strong>= p\u0159esn\u011b doslova jako v angli\u010dtin\u011b \u201eI love you\u201c (j\u00e1 r\u00e1d ty)<br \/> <strong>\u0160je \u0161e<\/strong> = d\u011bkuji<br \/> <strong>T\u00ed pu \u010d\u00ed<\/strong> = promi\u0148te <\/p>\n<p> <strong>V\u00edce informac\u00ed na:<\/strong><br \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cinstina.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.cinstina.cz <\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cinsky.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.cinsky.cz <\/a><br \/> \u010dinsk\u00e9 r\u00e1dio pro zahrani\u010d\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/czech.cri.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/czech.cri.cn\/ <\/a><br \/> Nebo na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch o \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b na Z\u010cU \u2013 23.3.2007, 11.5.2007 v 15,45 hod <br \/> Nebo na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.svatojanskakolej.cz\/index.php?x=soudek&amp;y=cina&amp;z=tvorba&amp;other=pisen_01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.svatojanskakolej.cz\/index.php?x=soudek&amp;y=cina&amp;z=tvorba&amp;other=pisen_01<\/a>  <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co v\u00edme o kultu\u0159e \u0158\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159edu? U n\u00e1s v \u010cesk\u00e9 Republice \u010c\u00ednu zn\u00e1me jen jako v\u00fdrobce levn\u00e9ho textilu a nebo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}