{"id":625,"date":"2007-06-06T15:45:01","date_gmt":"2007-06-06T13:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/06\/06\/demokracie-a-jaderne-zbran-3\/"},"modified":"2007-06-06T15:45:01","modified_gmt":"2007-06-06T13:45:01","slug":"demokracie-a-jaderne-zbran-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/06\/06\/demokracie-a-jaderne-zbran-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokracie a jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"rusgp\"JADERN\u00c9 ZBRAN\u011a A SPOLE\u010cNOST <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d spole\u010dnost mus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt o pl\u00e1nech rozvoje a pou\u017eit\u00ed JaZ sv\u00e9 zem\u011b, pro\u010d a jak je ovliv\u0148ovat? <\/p>\n

Konven\u010dn\u00ed vojska a v\u00fdzbroj, stejn\u011b tak jako zp\u016fsoby a c\u00edle jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed, jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b pochopiteln\u00e9 pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost, informovanou o lok\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch sou\u010dasnosti a st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b nesouc\u00ed v sob\u011b historickou vzpom\u00ednku na minul\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m v\u011bdom\u00ed nejsou konven\u010dn\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly jakousi \u201evirtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realitou\u201c, stejnou abstrakc\u00ed, jakou jsou jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, i kdy\u017e revoluce ve vojenstv\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b prom\u011b\u0148uje jejich podobu. <\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rozumn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk \u0159ekne, \u017ee 60 tis\u00edc tank\u016f nebo 300 ponorek, za\u0159azen\u00fdch do v\u00fdzbroje Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem v 70. a 80. letech, je z\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00edce, ne\u017e je t\u0159eba. V\u0161ude se debatuje o tom, zda Rusko pot\u0159ebuje arm\u00e1du o s\u00edle 1,2 milionu osob a zda se m\u00e1 profesionalizovat, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt slu\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a zda jim maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zachov\u00e1ny natur\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eitky apod. <\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak 5 tis\u00edc n\u00e1lo\u017e\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch (SJS) Ruska (stejn\u011b jako v USA) \u2013 je to mnoho, \u010di m\u00e1lo? Podle Smlouvy o omezen\u00ed strategick\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l\u016f (smlouva o S\u00daP), podepsan\u00e9 v Moskv\u011b v kv\u011btnu 2002, bude m\u00edt v roce 2012 ka\u017ed\u00e1 ze stran 1700-2200 bojov\u00fdch n\u00e1lo\u017e\u00ed, ale bude to sta\u010dit? Abychom mohli odpov\u011bd\u011bt na tyto ot\u00e1zky, mus\u00edme m\u00edt p\u0159edstavu o stavu a perspektiv\u00e1ch strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 bilance, o koncepci pou\u017eit\u00ed SJS, o krit\u00e9riu dostate\u010dnosti odstra\u0161en\u00ed, o logice strategick\u00e9 stability a dal\u0161\u00edch esoteric-k\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, s nimi\u017e se lid\u00e9 v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nesetk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00edch sil dokonce v ne zcela demokratick\u00fdch zem\u00edch vy\u017eaduje alespo\u0148 ml\u010denliv\u00fd souhlas lidu, jeho\u017e jedna \u010d\u00e1st mus\u00ed j\u00edt bojovat a druh\u00e1 mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010dovat arm\u00e1d\u011b podporu t\u00fdlu. P\u0159\u00edprava na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 operace zpravidla trv\u00e1 dlouho a to poskytuje spole\u010dnosti \u010das vypracovat si postoj v\u016f\u010di nim (nap\u0159\u00edklad posledn\u00ed v\u00e1lka USA v Ir\u00e1ku se p\u0159ipravovala d\u00e9le ne\u017e p\u016fl roku a druh\u00e1 kampa\u0148 v \u010ce\u010densku n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f). <\/p>\n

V mnoha zem\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Rusk\u00e9 federace, zaveden\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu nebo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace, stejn\u011b jako pou\u017eit\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch sil v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje ze z\u00e1kona schv\u00e1len\u00ed parlamentem. <\/p>\n

Naprosto odli\u0161n\u00e1 je situace p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed raket s jadern\u00fdmi hlavicemi. Doba doletu balistick\u00fdch raket s dlouh\u00fdm doletem se pohybuje mezi \u010dtvrt a p\u016fl hodinou, politick\u00e9 veden\u00ed tedy m\u00e1 na rozhodnut\u00ed o odvetn\u00e9m raketov\u00e9m \u00faderu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolik minut. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee lid nem\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit rozhodnut\u00ed o pou\u017eit\u00ed JaZ ani p\u0159\u00edmo (referendem), ani zprost\u0159edkovan\u011b (p\u0159es parlament). <\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 v\u00e1lka nevy\u017eaduje \u00fa\u010dast lidov\u00fdch mas. Do v\u00e1lky s pou\u017eit\u00edm jadern\u00fdch sil by byla zapojena jen nepatrn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st arm\u00e1dy m\u00edrov\u00e9ho stavu, a ta zase nep\u0159evy\u0161uje 1% k po\u010dtu obyvatelstva. <\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co je roz-hodnuto pou\u017e\u00edt JaZ, rozkaz postupuje po instanc\u00edch dol\u016f a na samotn\u00e9 akci se pod\u00edl\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b ve slu\u017eb\u011b. U nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017ee akce prob\u011bhnout dokonce bez zapojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f raketov\u00fdch vojsk, rozkaz k vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed raket se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed retransla\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my z velitelsk\u00e9ho stanovi\u0161t\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho veden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed mechanismy. <\/p>\n

P\u0159esto v\u0161ak demokratick\u00e1 kontrola a evidence ohledn\u011b JaZ je nejen mo\u017en\u00e1, ale i nutn\u00e1, i kdy\u017e ve specifick\u00e9 podob\u011b, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed povaze zbran\u00ed t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy. Je v\u0161ak re\u00e1ln\u00e1 pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee spole\u010dnost uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 nutnost demokratick\u00e9 kontroly ve vztahu k cel\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed politice, v\u010detn\u011b vojensk\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

RUSKO V GLOB\u00c1LN\u00cd POLITICE \u2022 \u00daNOR \u2022 2006 – http:\/\/www.globalaffairs.cz\/<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JADERN\u00c9 ZBRAN\u011a A SPOLE\u010cNOST<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[101],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/625"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}