{"id":691,"date":"2007-08-10T11:26:53","date_gmt":"2007-08-10T09:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/08\/10\/90-let-ijnove-revoluce-10\/"},"modified":"2007-08-10T11:26:53","modified_gmt":"2007-08-10T09:26:53","slug":"90-let-ijnove-revoluce-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/08\/10\/90-let-ijnove-revoluce-10\/","title":{"rendered":"100. let \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluce (10)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"17. \u0159\u00edjna. Lenin p\u00ed\u0161e „Dopis soudruh\u016fm“, ve kter\u00e9m kritizuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed Zinovjeva a Kamen\u011bva.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

„Dopis soudruh\u016fm“ je v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem Leninovy publicistiky. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, stroh\u00e9, jasn\u00e9 a pravdiv\u00e9. Uvedeme jako d\u016fkaz Leninovy polemiky jen dva odstavce z t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

„Nen\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b s\u00edly krom\u011b s\u00edly v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e1 by od n\u00e1\u0159k\u016f, proseb a slz\u00ed dok\u00e1zala p\u0159ej\u00edt k revolu\u010dn\u00edmu \u010dinu. A \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce se bude prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 revoluce oddalovat, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce ji budou oddalovat ud\u00e1losti nebo kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed kol\u00edsav\u00fdch a nerozhodn\u00fdch, t\u00edm v\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude organizovat p\u0159\u00edsun a rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed obil\u00ed.
Ot\u00e1let v povst\u00e1n\u00ed se rovn\u00e1 smrti – tak je t\u0159eba odpov\u011bd\u011bt t\u011bm, kdo maj\u00ed smutnou „odvahu“ d\u00edvat se se zalo\u017een\u00fdma rukama, jak se prohlubuje hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvrat, jak se bl\u00ed\u017ei hlad, a odrazovat d\u011bln\u00edky od povst\u00e1n\u00ed (tj. radit jim, aby po\u010dkali, aby se je\u0161t\u011b spolehli na bur\u017eoazii).“<\/p>\n

18. \u0159\u00edjna. Lenin p\u00ed\u0161e „Dopis \u010dlen\u016fm bol\u0161evick\u00e9 strany“ v souvislosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee Kamen\u011bv se jm\u00e9nem sv\u00fdm a jm\u00e9nem Zinovjeva vyslovil v list\u011b Novaja \u017eiz\u0148 z 18. \u0159\u00edjna proti ozbrojen\u00e9mu povst\u00e1n\u00ed a zve\u0159ejnil tak tajn\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed strany.<\/p>\n

Kamen\u011bv mimo jin\u00e9 \u0159ekl: „P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee dnes, v dan\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch je na\u0161\u00ed povinnosti vyslovit se proti jak\u00fdmkoliv pokus\u016fm br\u00e1t na sebe iniciativu spojenou s ozbrojen\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 by bylo ur\u010deno ke krachu a vedlo k t\u011bm nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm pro stranu, pro proletari\u00e1t, pro osud revoluce. S\u00e1zet na toto v\u0161echno v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dnech by znamenalo u\u010dinit zoufal\u00fd krok. Na\u0161e strana je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e1, m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 silnou budoucnost, ne\u017e aby \u010dinila podobn\u00e9 zoufal\u00e9 kroky.“<\/p>\n

V „Dopise \u010dlen\u016fm bol\u0161evick\u00e9 strany“ Lenin psal:<\/p>\n

„Co z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/p>\n

Ve vrcholn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce boje v p\u0159edve\u010der kritick\u00e9ho dne 20. \u0159\u00edjna dva „v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00ed bol\u0161evici“ v nestranick\u00e9m tisku, a k tomu je\u0161t\u011b zrovna v takov\u00e9m listu, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce jde ruku v ruce s bur\u017eoazii proti d\u011blnick\u00e9 stran\u011b, v takov\u00e9m listu \u00fato\u010d\u00ed proti neuve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9mu usnesen\u00ed \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed strany!“<\/p>\n

19. \u0159\u00edjna. Lenin p\u00ed\u0161e „Dopis \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edmu v\u00fdboru SDDSR(b)“, v\u011bnovan\u00fd stejn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce.<\/p>\n

20. \u0159\u00edjna. Na zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u00daV strany se projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 „Dopis \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edmu v\u00fdboru SDDSR(b)“, napsan\u00fd Leninem 19. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n

Dzer\u017einskij, kter\u00fd vystoupil jako prvn\u00ed, navrhl, „aby byl Kamen\u011bv zcela odstran\u011bn od politick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Pokud \u0161lo o Zinovjeva, odvolal se na to, \u017ee ten se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ed \u00fa\u0159ady a ne\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se stranick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Sverdlov \u0159ekl, \u017ee Kamen\u011bv\u016fv \u010din nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ni\u010d\u00edm ospravedln\u011bn, ale \u017ee \u00daV nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo vylu\u010dovat ze strany.<\/p>\n

Navrhl, aby bylo p\u0159ijato Kamen\u011bvovo odstoupen\u00ed z \u00daV. Stalin vystoupil na zased\u00e1n\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t. Nejprve navrhl, aby bylo projedn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky p\u0159esunuto na zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u00daV, a kdy\u017e byl tento n\u00e1vrh zam\u00edtnut, prohl\u00e1sil ve sv\u00e9m druh\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed, \u017ee „vylou\u010den\u00ed ze strany nen\u00ed recept“ a navrhl, aby byli Zinovjev a Kamen\u011bv donuceni pod\u0159\u00eddit se usnesen\u00edm \u00daV a p\u0159itom z\u016fstali \u010dleny \u00daV. Stejn\u00fd n\u00e1zor vyslovil Stalin i na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch listu Rabo\u010dij pu\u0165 v redak\u010dn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mce uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 20. \u0159\u00edjna (2. listopadu), p\u0159ed schv\u00e1len\u00edm usnesen\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku Stalin psal, \u017ee prudkost Leninova t\u00f3nu v\u016f\u010di Zinovjevovi a Kamen\u011bvovi nem\u011bn\u00ed nic na tom, „\u017ee jsme v podstat\u011b stejn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru“. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl uve\u0159ejn\u011bn u\u017e pot\u00e9, co Kamen\u011bv vystoupil v list\u011b Novaja \u017eiz\u0148 a co se Lenin ve sv\u00fdch dopisech vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k chov\u00e1n\u00ed Kamen\u011bva a Zinovjeva.<\/p>\n

\u00daV schv\u00e1lil Kamen\u011bvovo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o jeho odchodu z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru.<\/p>\n

Zinovjevovi a Kamen\u011bvovi bylo ulo\u017eeno nevystupovat s \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi proti usnesen\u00edm \u00daV.<\/p>\n

Odp\u016frci povst\u00e1n\u00ed, zjevn\u00ed i skryt\u00ed, tak \u010di onak kritizovali Leninovo stanovisko. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Zinovjev a Kamen\u011bv tehdy vyjad\u0159ovali n\u00e1zor, \u017ee socialistick\u00e1 revoluce nebude podpo\u0159ena ani uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b, ani v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Toto stanovisko bylo podm\u00edn\u011bno nejen jejich osobn\u00edmi vlastnostmi (zbab\u011blost, kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed a nejistota), ale odr\u00e1\u017eelo i n\u00e1lady t\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00e1 byla pod dojmem \u010dervencov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, necht\u011bla riskovat a vy\u010dk\u00e1vala.<\/p>\n

Trockij nepova\u017eoval Lenin\u016fv pl\u00e1n za nic v\u00edce a za nic m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e za „stranick\u00e9 spiknut\u00ed“. Stav\u011bl proti Leninovu pl\u00e1nu sv\u00e9 pojet\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dal, aby se po\u010dkalo na zah\u00e1jen\u00ed II. sjezdu sov\u011bt\u016f (64), kter\u00e9mu pr\u00fd Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1da prost\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1 svou moc. Po n\u011bkolika letech v \u010dl\u00e1nku „Pou\u010den\u00ed z \u0158\u00edjna“ Trockij s\u00e1m uznal, \u017ee s povst\u00e1n\u00edm neposp\u00edchali.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(64) DRUH\u00dd V\u0160ERUSK\u00dd SJEZD SOV\u011aT\u016e d\u011blnick\u00fdch a vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1stupc\u016f se konal 25.-21. \u0159\u00edjna (7.- 9. listopadu) 1917 v Petrohrad\u011b ve Smoln\u00e9m (viz pozn. 68). Sjezd vyhl\u00e1sil na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9ho ozbrojen\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v Petrohrad\u011b nastolen\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 moci v zemi. Sjezd schv\u00e1lil prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 dekrety o m\u00edru a o p\u016fd\u011b. Byla vytvo\u0159ena prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da – rada lidov\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17. \u0159\u00edjna. Lenin p\u00ed\u0161e „Dopis soudruh\u016fm“, ve kter\u00e9m kritizuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed Zinovjeva a Kamen\u011bva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[107,106],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/691"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/691\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}