{"id":710,"date":"2007-09-18T09:07:19","date_gmt":"2007-09-18T07:07:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/09\/18\/90-let-ijnove-revoluce-18\/"},"modified":"2007-09-18T09:07:19","modified_gmt":"2007-09-18T07:07:19","slug":"90-let-ijnove-revoluce-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/09\/18\/90-let-ijnove-revoluce-18\/","title":{"rendered":"90. let \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluce (18)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Povst\u00e1n\u00ed se uskute\u010dnilo <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly \u0161ly do \u00fatoku na Zimn\u00ed pal\u00e1c? <\/p>\n

Vycvi\u010deny, ozbrojeny a p\u0159ipraveny k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm boj\u016fm byly des\u00edtky tis\u00edc petrohradsk\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f. V \u0159\u00edjnu 1917 dosahoval celkov\u00fd po\u010det Rud\u00e9 gardy dvaceti tis\u00edc bojovn\u00edk\u016f. Bylo mezi nimi mnoho d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f z Putilovsk\u00e9ho, Obuchovsk\u00e9ho, Baltick\u00e9ho, N\u011bvsk\u00e9ho a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1vod\u016f. <\/p>\n

V \u010dele petrohradsk\u00e9 d\u011blnick\u00e9 gardy byl \u0160t\u00e1b, zalo\u017een\u00fd dlouho p\u0159ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fdmi dny.
Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st voj\u00e1k\u016f petrohradsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky byla u\u017e v polovin\u011b \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159ipravena vstoupit na v\u00fdzvu bol\u0161evik\u016f do boje. Ve\u010der 25. \u0159\u00edjna m\u011bly revolu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly k dispozici 11 bojov\u00fdch lod\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 tis\u00edc n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. <\/p>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt, bylo to masov\u00e9, lidov\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Ozbrojen\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci, voj\u00e1ci a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci obsazovali st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, po\u0161tu, telegraf a n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed; hl\u00eddali podniky, mosty a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 objekty. <\/p>\n

Kdo byl na stran\u011b Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy? <\/p>\n

V Zimn\u00edm pal\u00e1ci \u0161kola prapor\u010d\u00edk\u016f, \u017eensk\u00fd prapor, \u017eenijn\u00ed \u0161kola a \u010d\u00e1st Oranienbaumsk\u00e9 prapor\u010dick\u00e9 \u0161koly. Na Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed u Zimn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce hl\u00eddky a str\u00e1\u017ee junker\u016f. Neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed byly 1., 4. a 14. koz\u00e1ck\u00fd pluk. Pavlovsk\u00e9 u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b, Michajlovsk\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b, jezdeck\u00e9 pluky a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fatvary. <\/p>\n

Jak se vyv\u00edjely ud\u00e1losti na Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed ve\u010der 25. \u0159\u00edjna? <\/p>\n

V 18 hodin byl Zimn\u00ed pal\u00e1c obkl\u00ed\u010den. Rud\u00ed gardist\u00e9, voj\u00e1ci a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci se k n\u011bmu st\u00e1le v\u00edce stahovali. Postupn\u011b obsazovali rohy ulic, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi body pro \u00fatok na Zimn\u00ed pal\u00e1c a pro ochranu na n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Admirality a Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9m n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, na N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ulici a N\u011bvsk\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. V 19 hodin 45 minut byl pal\u00e1c obkl\u00ed\u010den velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm p\u011bchoty s obrn\u011bn\u00fdmi vozy a d\u011bly. Po N\u011bv\u011b p\u0159ipluly k pal\u00e1ci t\u0159i minonosky. Z Petropavlovsk\u00e9 pevnosti m\u00ed\u0159ila d\u011bla. P\u011bt minut p\u0159ed vypr\u0161en\u00edm lh\u016fty \u010d\u00e1st junker\u016f z pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1. Na Zimn\u00ed pal\u00e1c za\u00fato\u010dily odd\u00edly Rud\u00e9 gardy, revolu\u010dn\u00ed \u00fatvary pos\u00e1dky a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci. <\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se, jak popisuje dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh ud\u00e1lost\u00ed Vladim\u00edr Antonov-Ovsejenko: <\/p>\n

"\u0160kola junker\u016f se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1. Ostatn\u00ed junke\u0159i se br\u00e1nili je\u0161t\u011b asi hodinu. Na \u00fazk\u00e9m klikat\u00e9m schodi\u0161ti se v\u0161ak proti n\u00edm t\u011b\u017eko \u00fato\u010dilo. N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t odrazili n\u00e1por val\u00edc\u00edho se davu. Nakonec ale tak\u00e9 povolili a vzk\u00e1zali, \u017ee se zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed odporu. Spolu s \u010cudnovsk\u00fdm jsme \u0161li nahoru do pal\u00e1cov\u00fdch komnat. <\/p>\n

Rud\u00ed gardist\u00e9, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a voj\u00e1ci se za\u010dali hrnout za n\u00e1mi. Rozb\u011bhli se po v\u0161ech poschod\u00edch a junke\u0159i se za\u010dali vzd\u00e1vat. A tu v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m s\u00e1le stoj\u00ed u prahu n\u011bjak\u00e9ho pokoje nehybn\u00e1 \u0159ada junker\u016f s nap\u0159a\u017een\u00fdmi pu\u0161kami. P\u0159istoupili jsme s \u010cudnovsk\u00fdm k t\u00e9to hrstce mlad\u00edk\u016f, posledn\u00ed gard\u011b Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. St\u00e1li jako zkamen\u011bl\u00ed a chv\u00edli trvalo, ne\u017e se poda\u0159ilo vytrhnout jim z rukou pu\u0161ky. <\/p>\n

Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1da je tady? Tady, tady… P\u0159ed n\u00e1mi je vl\u00e1da do\u010dasn\u00fdch uchvatitel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili udr\u017eet neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 a zachr\u00e1nit to, co bylo vlastn\u011b odsouzeno samotn\u00fdm \u017eivotem – posledn\u00ed bur\u017eoazn\u00ed vl\u00e1du Ruska! V\u0161ech t\u0159in\u00e1ct (jen Kerenskij utekl u\u017e r\u00e1no pro "pomoc") jich st\u00e1lo strnule u stolu a tvo\u0159ilo nev\u00fdraznou, bledou skvrnu. Zat\u00fdk\u00e1me je." <\/p>\n

V jednom z telefonogram\u016f bylo ozn\u00e1meno: "2 hodiny 4 minuty. Zimn\u00ed pal\u00e1c byl dobyt. 6 lid\u00ed zahynulo." <\/p>\n

Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 dodat, \u017ee na dobyt\u00ed Zimn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce se pod\u00edlely odd\u00edly Rud\u00e9 gardy v po\u010dtu t\u0159\u00ed a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 tis\u00edc mu\u017e\u016f. K nim se p\u0159ipojili revolu\u010dn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci Pavlovsk\u00e9ho, Keksgolmsk\u00e9ho, Volynsk\u00e9ho, Litevsk\u00e9ho a Preobra\u017eensk\u00e9ho pluku, obrn\u011bn\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 divize a v\u00fdsadek kronstadtsk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. Luna\u010darskij p\u0159ed\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 na pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed II. v\u0161erusk\u00e9ho sjezdu sov\u011bt\u016f (po 3. hodin\u011b 10. minut\u011b) text provol\u00e1n\u00ed "D\u011bln\u00edk\u016fm, voj\u00e1k\u016fm a roln\u00edk\u016fm!" koncipovan\u00fd Leninem. <\/p>\n

Sjezd schvaluje (v 5 hodin) provol\u00e1n\u00ed. Prav\u00ed se v n\u011bm: "Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1da je svr\u017eena. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy je zat\u010dena. Sjezd se op\u00edr\u00e1 o v\u016fli obrovsk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, voj\u00e1k\u016f a roln\u00edk\u016f, op\u00edr\u00e1 se o v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a pos\u00e1dky v Petrohrad\u011b a p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 moc do sv\u00fdch rukou. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 moc p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v\u0161ude do rukou sov\u011bt\u016f d\u011blnick\u00fdch, vojensk\u00fdch a rolnick\u00fdch z\u00e1stupc\u016f. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 moc navrhne v\u0161em n\u00e1rod\u016fm, aby okam\u017eit\u011b uzav\u0159ely demokratick\u00fd m\u00edr, a zajist\u00ed, aby statk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, \u00fad\u011bln\u00e1 a kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed p\u016fda byla bez n\u00e1hrady d\u00e1na k dispozici rolnick\u00fdm v\u00fdbor\u016fm, provede \u00faplnou demokratizaci arm\u00e1dy, zavede d\u011blnickou kontrolu nad v\u00fdrobou a zajist\u00ed v\u0161em n\u00e1rod\u016fm skute\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na sebeur\u010den\u00ed. Sjezd vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u011bln\u00edky, voj\u00e1ky a roln\u00edky k bd\u011blosti a vytrvalosti, k obran\u011b revoluce p\u0159ed \u00faklady imperialismu a kontrarevoluce." <\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed sjezdu 26. \u0159\u00edjna (8. listopadu) byly schv\u00e1leny na z\u00e1klad\u011b Leninova refer\u00e1tu prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony: "Dekret o m\u00edru" a "Dekret o p\u016fd\u011b". Byl zvolen V\u0161erusk\u00fd \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor sov\u011bt\u016f a vytvo\u0159ena prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rada lidov\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed revoluce v Petrohrad\u011b a Moskv\u011b (8. listopadu) znamenalo za\u010d\u00e1tek nastolen\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 moci v cel\u00e9 zemi. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br seri\u00e1lu<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Povst\u00e1n\u00ed se uskute\u010dnilo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[108],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=710"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}