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Bitva mezi Trock\u00fdm a Stalinem v t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech byl dramatick\u00fd boj, kter\u00fd v rozporn\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed si zaslou\u017e\u00ed, aby byl p\u0159irovn\u00e1n k jin\u00fdm velk\u00fdm konfrontac\u00edm. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Bitva mezi Trock\u00fdm a Stalinem v t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech byl dramatick\u00fd boj, kter\u00fd v rozporn\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed si zaslou\u017e\u00ed, aby byl p\u0159irovn\u00e1n k jin\u00fdm velk\u00fdm konfrontac\u00edm: mezi Marxem a Bakuninem, kter\u00fd jasn\u011b odd\u011blil marxismus a anarchismus, a mezi Leninem a pravicov\u00fdmi v\u016fdci soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, kter\u00fd vyvrcholil ideologick\u00fdm i politicko-
organiza\u010dn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed od soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. <\/p>\n
Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 postoje mezi Stalinem a Trock\u00fdm, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se perspektiv st\u00e1tu vznikl\u00e9ho z \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluce ve vztahu kmezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed situaci, jak se vytvo\u0159ila po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, postoje shrnuteln\u00e9 v alternativ\u011b mo\u017enosti \u010di nemo\u017enosti budovat socialismus v jedn\u00e9 zemi, se p\u0159em\u011bnily v t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v N\u011bmecku ve front\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159et v ot\u00e1zce alianc\u00ed – lidov\u00fdch front ve vztahu k fa\u0161ismu a v\u00e1lce. <\/p>\n
St\u0159etnut\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako u jejich slavn\u00fdch p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f, prob\u011bhlo ve v\u0161ech rovin\u00e1ch
\u2013 ideologick\u00e9, politick\u00e9 i organiza\u010dn\u00ed. Jak\u00e1 byla skute\u010dn\u00e1 role Trock\u00e9ho, kterou sehr\u00e1l ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech jako politick\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel, organiz\u00e1tor a agit\u00e1tor? Je mo\u017eno souhlasit s jeho obvykl\u00fdm vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm za pouhou ob\u011b\u0165 Stalina? S\u00e1m Trock\u00fd pova\u017eoval t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota co do j\u00edm zvolen\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho posl\u00e1n\u00ed za ned\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V boji proti carismu nesehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu. P\u016fsobil individualisticky s\u00e1m za sebe a obvykle se \u0159adil do st\u0159edu jako centristick\u00fd usmi\u0159ovatel mezi bol\u0161eviky a men\u0161eviky. Se vstupem do bol\u0161evick\u00e9 strany a \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluci jeho role stoupla. Zaslou\u017eil se v\u00fdznamn\u011b o organizaci Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, \u00fa\u010dastnil se aktivn\u011b ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Jeho stav\u011bn\u00ed vedle Lenina ov\u0161em p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 ten byl skute\u010dn\u00fdm a d\u00e1vno osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm v\u016fdcem strany, tv\u016frcem jej\u00edho programu, rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinitelem revoluce (jak to p\u0159izn\u00e1val i Trock\u00fd, kter\u00fd s n\u00edm
p\u0159ed t\u00edm vedl dlouholet\u00e9 boje), on byl hlavou revolu\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Kdy\u017e Trock\u00fd pozd\u011bji hodnotil ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sov\u011btskou pozici jako kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00ed a Komunistickou internacion\u00e1lu jako degenerovanou, pov\u00fd\u0161il s\u00e1m sebe na jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho a teoretick\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho v\u016fdce p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed vlny, v n\u00ed\u017e cht\u011bl dos\u00e1hnout onen sv\u011btov\u00fd revolu\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch kter\u00e9ho nebylo dosa\u017eeno po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Jedna str\u00e1nka z jeho den\u00edku z exilu (1935): <\/p>\n
"Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee d\u00edlo, v kter\u00e9m se anga\u017euji nehled\u011b na jeho rozdroben\u00fd a nedosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed charakter, je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v cel\u00e9m m\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rok 1917, d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obdob\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nebo kter\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 . (\u2026) Pokud bych v roce 1917 nebyl v Petrohrad\u011b, k \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluci by stejn\u011b do\u0161lo \u2013 za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee by tam byl Lenin a dr\u017eel ot\u011b\u017ee veden\u00ed. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed o ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. (\u2026) Nemohu tedy hovo\u0159it o nenahraditelnosti" sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce ani v obdob\u00ed 1917-1921. Ale dnes je nenahraditeln\u00e1 v pln\u00e9m smyslu slova. <\/p>\n
(\u2026) Zhroucen\u00ed dvou Internacion\u00e1l nastolilo probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z jejich v\u016fdc\u016f nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru p\u0159ipraven vy\u0159e\u0161it. Ud\u00e1losti m\u00e9ho osobn\u00edho osudu m\u011b postavily p\u0159ed tent\u00fd\u017e probl\u00e9m a vyzbrojily m\u011b \u0161irokou zku\u0161enost\u00ed, abych mu mohl \u010delit. Mimo mne nen\u00ed nikdo, kdo by mohl splnit misi vyzbrojit revolu\u010dn\u00ed metodou novou generaci". Stalin a Trock\u00fd personifikuj\u00ed dva opa\u010dn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby vid\u011bn\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 situace t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let, fa\u0161ismu a v\u00e1lky stav\u011bly p\u0159ed komunistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. V \u010dem se projevily tyto odli\u0161nosti? <\/p>\n
Po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v N\u011bmecku Stalin u\u010dinil obrat v sov\u011btsk\u00e9 politice ve sm\u011bru kolektivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v Evrop\u011b a p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed Spole\u010dnosti n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 by se mohla st\u00e1t n\u00e1strojem na obranu m\u00edru. Tla\u010dil a povzbuzoval Komunistickou internacion\u00e1lu a jednotliv\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 strany k nov\u00e9 politice spojenectv\u00ed se socialistick\u00fdmi (soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00fdmi) stranami a s dal\u0161\u00edmi demokratick\u00fdmi silami v boji proti fa\u0161ismu, k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed lidov\u00fdch front boje proti fa\u0161ismu. <\/p>\n
Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bitva mezi Trock\u00fdm a Stalinem v t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech byl dramatick\u00fd boj, kter\u00fd v rozporn\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed si zaslou\u017e\u00ed, aby<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[22,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}