{"id":909,"date":"2010-01-01T16:16:16","date_gmt":"2010-01-01T15:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/01\/01\/dvacet-let-pod-diktaturou-dravc-9\/"},"modified":"2010-01-01T16:16:16","modified_gmt":"2010-01-01T15:16:16","slug":"dvacet-let-pod-diktaturou-dravc-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/01\/01\/dvacet-let-pod-diktaturou-dravc-9\/","title":{"rendered":"DVACET LET POD DIKTATUROU DRAVC\u016e (9)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Ji\u017e dvacet let prod\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1me krutou zkou\u0161ku, kterou n\u00e1m naprogramovaly d\u011bjiny. Jsme drcen\u00ed ve dne v noci, v\u0161ude a neust\u00e1le. Re\u017eim, kter\u00fd do na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b podvodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vlezl, vypl\u0148uje v\u0161echny prostory byt\u00ed, a nen\u00ed mo\u017eno p\u0159ed n\u00edm ut\u00e9ct. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 absurdnost m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu vzniku. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

6. Bluda\u0159stv\u00ed pseudoteoretik\u016f <\/p>\n

Podle pravidla rozumu by politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 zvraty, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v zemi a ve sv\u011bt\u011b, m\u011bly sta\u010dit na to, aby v\u011bdci, politici, v\u0161eobecn\u011b intelektu\u00e1lov\u00e9, m\u011bnili a zdokonalovali sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na sv\u011bt a podle toho usm\u011br\u0148ovali i sv\u00e9 aktivity. Ale chyba l\u00e1vky: nebylo tomu tak v minulosti, a nen\u00ed tomu tak ani v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Do u\u010debnic d\u011bjin bude snad nav\u017edy zak\u00f3dov\u00e1no, jakou nesm\u00edrnou \u0161kodu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nejednotnost pokrokov\u00fdch hnut\u00ed, rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost ducha jejich.v\u016fdc\u016f, anarchie jejich v\u016fle. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st situaci, kter\u00e1 nastala ve stran\u011b \u010desk\u00fdch komunist\u016f v 60. letech, a kter\u00e1 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta a\u017e do konce let osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch ( a p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry dodnes). Zmatky, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se koncem 80. let, se d\u011bly do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00edky chyb\u00e1m n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kdy\u017e se nechali obklopit jakousi ochrannou zd\u00ed, sestavenou z podru\u017en\u00fdch, nezp\u016fsobil\u00fdch individu\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla st\u0159e\u017eit jejich nep\u0159\u00edstupnost. P\u0159emohla je fixn\u00ed idea, \u017ee komunismus pot\u0159ebuje pr\u00e1v\u011b je, aby ho vykl\u00e1dali a hn\u011btli po sv\u00e9m – n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si ho za\u010dali pomalou\u010dku i p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovat. To do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry oslabovalo jejich ostra\u017eitost a odvahu. V hlav\u00e1ch se jim, pravda\u017ee, neust\u00e1le rodily rozmanit\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny a kombinace, je\u017e byly hlavn\u00edm smyslem jejich \u017eivota, jenom\u017ee v poklidn\u00e9 situaci se jim jakoby zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee v\u0161echno se h\u00fdbe pouze d\u00edky jejich \u010din\u016fm. Av\u0161ak sta\u010dilo, aby se zvedlo hromobit\u00ed, vzbou\u0159en\u00ed, rebelie, aby se masy rozohnily a pohnuly, nastala chv\u00edle pravdy: klam byl u\u017e nemo\u017en\u00fd a ze sebev\u011bdom\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f se stali ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edci a slabo\u0161i. <\/p>\n

Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9ho znalce d\u011bjin, filozofa G. Hegela, lidstvo se z d\u011bjin nikdy nepou\u010d\u00ed. Kupodivu jeho slova potvrzuj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi teoretick\u00fdmi kopanci n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201eteoretici". Je ji\u017e dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, jak se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich pokou\u0161ej\u00ed \u201emodelovat" nemodelovateln\u00e9 – budouc\u00ed socialismus. Nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed jim, \u017ee socialismus nen\u00ed nehybn\u00fd stav, kter\u00fd by bylo mo\u017eno vt\u011bsnat do n\u011bjak\u00e9ho vy fantaz\u00edrovan\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkdo nam\u00edtne: v\u017edy\u0165 Marx s Engelsem koncipovali svou teorii i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se nemohli op\u0159\u00edt o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady. Jist\u011b, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1klad\u016f kapitalismu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u010dase. Marx detailn\u011b v Kapit\u00e1lu analyzoval z\u00e1kony, podle kter\u00fdch se kapitalismus vyv\u00edj\u00ed. A co d\u011blaj\u00ed na\u0161i \u201eteoretici"? Bez t\u011bchto atribut\u016f vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed pojmy, odvozuj\u00ed je z my\u0161len\u00ed – co\u017e je idealismus. <\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b to je i s jejich progn\u00f3zov\u00e1n\u00edm. Dnes do t\u0159\u00eddy v\u011bdeck\u00fdch prognostik (p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed), nespadaj\u00ed progn\u00f3zy, kter\u00e9 se nezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na v\u011bdeck\u00e9 anal\u00fdze zku\u0161enost\u00ed (na to pseudoteoretici jaksi zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zet hlubok\u00e9 studium sou\u010dasn\u00e9 i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed etapy spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Pouh\u00e9 popisy a domn\u011bnky nemohou m\u00edt objas\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed, ani upot\u0159ebitelnou v\u00fd\u0161i. Nedosahuje-li n\u011bco \u00farovn\u011b b\u00e1zov\u00e9ho podkladu pro stanoven\u00ed c\u00edle spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, nem\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt pokl\u00e1d\u00e1no ani za n\u00e1vod na pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem aktivizace strany, a t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e formulace stranick\u00fdch dokument\u016f, usnesen\u00ed, rozhodnut\u00ed, na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Lenin ne n\u00e1hodou zd\u016fraz\u0148oval, \u017ee \u201ed\u016fmysl des\u00edtek milion\u016f tv\u016frc\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco nesrovnateln\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e je i ta nejgeni\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f". <\/p>\n

Teoretick\u00e9 nepat\u0159i\u010dnosti, je\u017e b\u011bhem des\u00edtek let podlamovaly zdrav\u00ed strany, zd\u00e1 se, ani dnes nejsou zcela pominuty \u010di zapadl\u00e9. V 60. letech stranu t\u0159\u00ed\u0161tila ideov\u011b zmaten\u00e1 a pletich\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 seskupen\u00ed, je\u017e pod dev\u00edzou \u201esocialismus s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed" sp\u0159\u00e1dala z\u00e1ludn\u00e9 projekty. Tato iluze se doposud nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u00fdzbroji poblouzn\u011bn\u00fdch intelektu\u00e1l\u016f. Lze se setkat s n\u00e1zorem, \u017ee \u201epra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro" bylo \u201en\u00e1dhern\u00e9" (viz nap\u0159. Obrys-Kmen, 28\/09, s. 2.) Zkr\u00e1tka, obdiv Z\u00e1padu je po\u0159\u00e1d m\u00f3dn\u00edm talismanem mudrlant\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si nedali tu n\u00e1mahu prokouknout podfuk hnac\u00edch sil rozruchu. To, \u017ee se jednalo o aktivity zakuklen\u00fdch travi\u010d\u016f socialismu, by zjistili t\u0159eba z dokumentu uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho 16. srpna 2003 v Pr\u00e1vu. Z dokumentu lze vy\u010d\u00edst, \u017ee \u201esocialismus s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed" m\u011blo zabezpe\u010dovat n\u011bkolik jednotek \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f a velk\u00fd po\u010det z\u00e1padn\u00edch tur\u00edst\u016f-agent\u016f. Ov\u0161em\u017ee, fakta dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed disidenty, a z t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny se sna\u017e\u00ed pop\u0159\u00edt fakt, \u017ee Jaro" 68 a \u201elistopad" 89 byly \u010dl\u00e1nky jednoho \u0159et\u011bzu. <\/p>\n

A\u00a0tak vznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: kdo kanalizoval podvratn\u00e9 s\u00edly do jednoho proudu. Nu kdo! P\u0159ece z\u00e1padn\u00ed ideologick\u00e9 centr\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 spojovaly \u201estarou" a \u201enovou levici", trock\u00edstick\u00e1, anarchistick\u00e1 a jin\u00e1 hnut\u00ed, a nalinkovaly jim \u00fakol: obluzujte masy iluz\u00ed o \u201ekonvergenci" (sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) socialismu a kapitalismu. Logiku tehdej\u0161\u00edho pohybu, snad a\u017e na odborn\u00edky na antikomunistick\u00e9 pletichy – nikdo neprozkoumal a nevysv\u011btlil. Diskuse v\u0161ak za\u010daly: nap\u0159\u00edklad o tom, pro\u010d nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u010dl\u00e1nky hnut\u00ed byli studenti a intelektu\u00e1lov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ece vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1ni a utiskov\u00e1ni nebyli. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed diskut\u00e9\u0159i v t\u00e9to souvislosti p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed Kant\u016fv post\u0159eh, \u017ee tyto vrstvy jsou ze sv\u00e9 podstaty naklon\u011bn\u00e9 ke \u201ekritick\u00e9mu rozumu", n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee po\u017eadavky a hesla, s kter\u00fdmi vych\u00e1zeli do ulic, byly pr\u00e1v\u011b z t\u011bchto dvou d\u016fvod\u016f rozmazan\u00e9 a nekonkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, a nemohly b\u00fdt n\u00e1vodem na zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed socialismu. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fdhrada proti \u201eodcizen\u00ed" kop\u00edrovala ideov\u00fd arzen\u00e1l antisocialistick\u00e9 \u201enov\u00e9 levice" a odtamtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed i hesla o nutnosti reformov\u00e1n\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 strany tak, aby nebyla \u201espout\u00e1v\u00e1na doktr\u00ednami marxismu-leninismu". Tento blud setrv\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi \u201eeuro-komunisty", je\u017e maj\u00ed za to, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 si v\u0161\u00edmat c\u00edle, \u017ee jde hlavn\u011b o to, uspokojovat osobn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. E. Bernstein prohl\u00e1sil: \u201ec\u00edl nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm, hnut\u00ed v\u0161ak v\u0161\u00edm". Sv\u016fdn\u00e9 pravidlo pro ideov\u00e9 rozpustilce, co\u017e? Ne, studenti byli str\u017eeni do dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebylo, a ani nemohlo b\u00fdt, jejich dobrodru\u017estv\u00edm. V listopadu si bezstarostn\u011b zazp\u00edvali, zahul\u00e1kali, zacinkali kl\u00ed\u010di, kdy u\u017e bylo o v\u0161em rozhodnuto jinde. Rva\u010dky, do kter\u00fdch se zapletli, nebyly jejich bojem. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed je hojn\u011b: t\u0159eba to, \u017ee zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st od\u0161t\u011bpenc\u016f tvo\u0159ili p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci takzvan\u00fdch \u201ed\u011blnick\u00fdch k\u00e1dr\u016f", je\u017e se dostali d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu na univerzitn\u00ed studia. Aspiranti na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky vynikali sebev\u011bdom\u00edm, demonstrativn\u00edmi projevy v\u011brnosti \u201estran\u011b a socialismu". Jistota, s kterou se vrhli do pln\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, byla sice drav\u00e1, ale p\u0159itom i vrtkav\u00e1. Byla zalo\u017eena na touze za ka\u017edou cenu uniknout z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m si byl ka\u017ed\u00fd s ka\u017ed\u00fdm rovn\u00fd. Tato sobeck\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edtavost mnoh\u00e9 z nich podn\u00edtila v krizov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed k dezerci k ideov\u00fdm protivn\u00edk\u016fm, s nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se tak posunou \u201en\u011bkam v\u00fd\u0161". \u201eOddanost stran\u011b a socialismu" byla najednou hozena do spla\u0161ek. <\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed zato o tom mluvit? Nesporn\u011b stoj\u00ed, uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, \u017ee se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s n\u00e1zory, \u017ee ve stran\u011b m\u00e1 zv\u00edt\u011bzit \u201emodern\u00ed" ideov\u00e1 a politick\u00e1 orientace, s vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm od\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00fd \u201e v d\u00edle klasik\u016f nelze dost dob\u0159e hovo\u0159it o n\u011bjak\u00e9 vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a trval\u00e9 definici socialismu (cit\u00e1t je p\u0159esn\u00fd – viz Hal\u00f3 noviny z 19.6.2006), a proto si skupina ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201eteoretik\u016f" stanovila historick\u00fd \u00fakol: zformulovat model socialismu 21. stolet\u00ed. Stylizovat se ov\u0161em m\u00e1 s \u201evylou\u010den\u00edm stranick\u00e9 kazajky". To je ale komedie, nebo\u0165 nenajde\u0161 svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201eteoretiky", ne\u017eli jsou progresivist\u00e9. V tisku maj\u00ed dostatek mo\u017enost\u00ed prokazovat svou ideovou vrtkavost, a naopak dosti mo\u017enost\u00ed takov\u00e1 privilegia sv\u00fdm kritik\u016fm zhatit. Ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se, aby nebyly ve\u0159ejn\u011b posuzov\u00e1ny motivy, kter\u00e9 je vedou k zatracov\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti. Znesnadnilo by jim to \u0159e\u0161it osobn\u00ed dilema: b\u00fdt, \u010di neb\u00fdt komunistou, odsuzovat, \u010di neodsuzovat vlastn\u00ed minulost. <\/p>\n

Trapas\u016f produkuj\u00ed zatracen\u011b. Po pravd\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, nezmi\u0148uji se o t\u011bchto probl\u00e9mech proto, \u017ee by mi b\u016fhv\u00edjak z\u00e1le\u017eelo na dom\u00fd\u0161livc\u00edch, n\u00fdbr\u017e proto, \u017ee mi z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed jejich absurdity \u010dtou, a v dobr\u00e9 v\u016fli v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee stranick\u00fd ideolog je t\u00edm prav\u00fdm sv\u011bdkem a pr\u016fvodcem na cest\u011b k lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti. <\/p>\n

Ze stejnojmenn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu PhDr. Ivana Hlivky, DrSc. (2009), pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e dvacet let prod\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1me krutou zkou\u0161ku, kterou n\u00e1m naprogramovaly d\u011bjiny. Jsme drcen\u00ed ve dne v noci, v\u0161ude a neust\u00e1le. Re\u017eim,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[98,13],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}