{"id":992,"date":"2020-07-22T00:01:51","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T22:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/12\/03\/vesnice-nogun-korejsky-my-lai\/"},"modified":"2020-06-25T22:25:19","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T20:25:19","slug":"vesnice-nogun-korejsky-my-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/07\/22\/vesnice-nogun-korejsky-my-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesnice Nogun &#8211; korejsk\u00fd My Lai"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Uml\u010den\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 je jako nevybuchl\u00e1 munice d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 exploduje, kdy\u017e to nejm\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te, a proraz\u00ed na\u0161\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fdm sebeuspokojen\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-356\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"korea_north\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/08\/korea_north.jpg\" alt=\"korea_north\" width=\"75\" height=\"37\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Kdy\u017e se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 dozv\u011bd\u011bli o osudu n\u011bkolika stovek korejsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v \u010dervenci roku 1950 pod mostem bl\u00edzko vesnice Nogun post\u0159\u00edleni kulomety americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, byli citeln\u011b ot\u0159eseni. Zpr\u00e1va tiskov\u00e9 agentury Associated Press, kter\u00e1 byla d\u016fkladn\u011b dolo\u017eena sv\u011bdectv\u00edmi, se dostal na prvn\u00ed str\u00e1nky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch novin. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se daly na \u00fat\u011bk. Jako nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0 Washington Post, kter\u00fd ozna\u010dil toto krveprolit\u00ed za ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd n\u00e1sledek st\u0159etu nevycvi\u010den\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f s dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem v prvn\u00edm zmaten\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Av\u0161ak nejednalo se o ojedin\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-990\" style=\"width: 339px; height: 242px;\" title=\"korea-war\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/korea-war.jpg\" alt=\"korea-war\" width=\"339\" height=\"242\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Krvav\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti u Nogunu mohou Ameri\u010dan\u016fm pomoci pochopit, o co v\u00a0 t\u00e9to &#8222;zapomenut\u00e9 v\u00e1lce&#8220; opravdu \u0161lo. Byla to ob\u010dansk\u00e1 a nekonven\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, jej\u00ed\u017e ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed hluboko p\u0159ed \u010derven roku 1950 a o jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podstat\u011b \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed archiv\u00e1\u0159i historick\u00e9 pravdy ve Washingtonu a Soulu lhali p\u016fl stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Vesnice <em>Nogun<\/em> le\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f od spr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u0159ediska Jongdongu, v odlehl\u00e9 a hornat\u00e9 oblasti, kde se kr\u00e1tce\u00a0 po p\u00e1du japonsk\u00e9ho imperialismu v roce 1945 objevilo siln\u00e9 levicov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. Po Japonc\u00edch p\u0159evzal moc m\u00edstn\u00ed lidov\u00fd v\u00fdbor (v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 organiza\u010dn\u00ed forma) a pot\u00e9 jen sledoval, jak mu od listopadu toho roku americk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny pro v\u00fdkon civiln\u00ed spr\u00e1vy odeb\u00edraly moc. Ty brzy za\u010daly op\u011bt zam\u011bstn\u00e1vat b\u00fdval\u00e9 korejsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed policie v r\u00e1mci budov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e1 pak ji\u017en\u011b od 38. rovnob\u011b\u017eky vl\u00e1dla po t\u0159i roky.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Po dvou letech politick\u00fdch zmatk\u016f, tedy dlouho p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dala &#8222;korejsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka&#8220;, se v oblasti Jongdongu objevilo partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. Americk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Clesson Richards, kter\u00fd vedl v letech 1947-50 v oblasti Jongdongu nemocnici Arm\u00e1dy sp\u00e1sy, dosv\u011bd\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Celou dobu kolem n\u00e1s prob\u00edhala partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, mezi na\u0161imi pacienty bylo mnoho komou\u0161\u016f. Policie na n\u011b dohl\u00ed\u017eela,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 d\u00e1l zcela nenucen\u011b jednomu novin\u00e1\u0159i, &#8222;pak je vysl\u00fdchali, a kdy\u017e z nich dostali v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 informace, vyvedli je ven a postavili p\u0159ed poprav\u010d\u00ed \u010detu. Popravi\u0161t\u011b bylo bl\u00edzko nemocnice. Sly\u0161eli jsme, jak je st\u0159\u00edlej\u00ed.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-991\" style=\"width: 345px; height: 216px;\" title=\"korea-war1\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/korea-war1.jpg\" alt=\"korea-war1\" width=\"345\" height=\"216\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Nedlouho pot\u00e9, v roce 1950, kdy\u017e ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci nastoupili do boj\u016f, utrp\u011bla 24. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize hrozivou por\u00e1\u017eku u Taejonu. Podle vojensk\u00e9ho historika Clay Blaira to byla jedna z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch zkou\u0161ek ohn\u011bm v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Jak se ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotky americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy o zlom krk valily k jihu, brzo dorazily do Jongdongu. Severokorejsk\u00e9 prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee ten byl osvobozen partyz\u00e1ny. To potvrzuje ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Walter Sullivan z den\u00edku New York Times. P\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee asi 300 partyz\u00e1n\u016f v oblasti Jongdongu st\u00e1le napadalo ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed Ameri\u010dany. &#8222;Ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed s podez\u0159en\u00edm pohl\u00ed\u017eet na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho korejsk\u00e9ho civilistu ve m\u011bst\u011b nebo\u00a0 na venkov\u011b.&#8220; 26. \u010dervence si komunistick\u00fd voj\u00e1k zapisuje do den\u00edku, \u017ee americk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry se prudce snesly nad Jongbjong\u00a0 a &#8222;prom\u011bnily ho v ohniv\u00e9 mo\u0159e&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Tato lidov\u00e1 a partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 korejsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se vytratila z celospole\u010densk\u00e9 pam\u011bti, jako by Vietnam byl jedinou v\u00e1lkou, kdy se ud\u00e1ly p\u0159\u00edpady jako ve vesnici May Lai. Pocit, kter\u00fd v Ameri\u010danech v roce 1950 vzbuzovali &#8222;lid\u00e9 v b\u00edl\u00fdch py\u017eamech&#8220;, byl v\u0161ude doslova na dosah ruky. To, co Pentagon nyn\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee zjistit, hl\u00e1sil nap\u0159\u00edklad John Osborne v \u010dasopise Life. V \u010d\u00edsle z 21. srpna 1950 p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee d\u016fstojn\u00edci arm\u00e1dy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na\u0159\u00eddili voj\u00e1k\u016fm st\u0159\u00edlet na hlou\u010dky civilist\u016f. Jeden voj\u00e1k mu \u0159ekl: &#8222;Za\u0161lo to\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko, kdy\u017e u\u017e st\u0159\u00edl\u00edme i d\u011bti.&#8220; Byl to &#8222;nov\u00fd druh v\u00e1lky,&#8220; zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 op\u011bt Osborne. &#8222;Vyhlazuj\u00ed se vesnice, kde se MO\u017dN\u00c1 skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edtel, bombarduj\u00ed se uprchl\u00edci, mezi kter\u00fdmi jsou MO\u017dN\u00c1 Severokorejci.&#8220; Velitel 24. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize, gener\u00e1l John Church \u0159ekl, \u017ee korejsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka se nepodobala bitv\u00e1m z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Evrop\u011b: &#8222;Je to zcela jin\u00fd druh v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, je to vskutku partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka (\u0085) Partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na velmi \u010dlenit\u00e9m prostoru.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed americk\u00e9 zdroje v\u017edy pop\u00edraly, \u017ee by kdykoli b\u011bhem t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky do\u0161lo k vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed civilist\u016f. Na pravideln\u00e1 pop\u0159en\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo z boji\u0161t\u011b v Jongdongu navazovaly \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 zkazky, kter\u00e9 v\u0161echna zv\u011brstva sv\u00e1d\u011bly na Severokorejce. Tento postoj p\u0159evl\u00e1dal u obou vl\u00e1d, tedy vl\u00e1dy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f i vl\u00e1dy Ji\u017en\u00ed Korey, cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta. V\u010detn\u011b posledn\u00edch dvou let, b\u011bhem nich\u017e Pentagon tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 by dokl\u00e1daly tato obvin\u011bn\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed divize se v t\u00e9to oblasti ani nevyskytovala, h\u00e1jil se Pentagon. Mn\u011b to v\u0161ak trvalo p\u0159esn\u011b p\u011bt minut, ne\u017e jsem na\u0161el v knize Clay Blaira The Forgotten War, v n\u00ed\u017e se autor op\u00edr\u00e1 o odtajn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy jednotek, tuto zm\u00ednku: &#8222;Prvn\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed vyst\u0159\u00eddala 22. \u010dervence ot\u0159esenou 24. divizi.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Pokud nakonec Pentagon svol\u00ed pod tlakem prezidenta Clintona zve\u0159ejnit skute\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny korejsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, r\u00e1d upozorn\u00edm na n\u011bkolik m\u00edst, kde je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt. Podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed deseti lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed mluvili s jednotkou severokorejsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, je\u017e dorazila na m\u00edsto 20. \u010dervence, nahnali ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci t\u00fdden p\u0159ed ud\u00e1lostmi u vesnice Nogun 2000 civilist\u016f do hor bl\u00edzko Jongdongu a pak je pobili, v\u011bt\u0161inu z nich \u00fadajn\u011b ze vzduchu, i kdy\u017e ze sv\u011bdectv\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkolik \u017een bylo zn\u00e1siln\u011bno, ne\u017e byly zast\u0159eleny.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">O dva m\u011bs\u00edce pozd\u011bji dostal gener\u00e1l major Clark Ruffner vnit\u0159n\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 memorandum. To obsahovalo n\u00e1vrh, podle kter\u00e9ho by se se v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi partyz\u00e1ny dalo vypo\u0159\u00e1dat pomoc\u00ed &#8222;eskader smrti, je\u017e by prov\u00e1d\u011bly rozsudky smrti vynesen\u00e9\u00a0 vl\u00e1dou nad partyz\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi v\u016fdci v jejich nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Komise pravdy a usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice definovala nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd v\u00fdraz &#8222;pravda&#8220; \u010dty\u0159mi zp\u016fsoby: p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010di soudn\u00ed pravda, osobn\u00ed \u010di vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00e1 pravda, spole\u010densk\u00e1 pravda nebo taky pravda dialogu a nakonec ozdravuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo regeneruj\u00edc\u00ed pravda. Odhalen\u00ed krveprolit\u00ed u vesnice Nogun maj\u00ed v sob\u011b v\u0161echny tyto druhy pravdy pro state\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed proti zjevn\u00e9 p\u0159evaze l\u00e9ta bojovali za pravdu. Jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Chun Choon ja, tehdy dvan\u00e1ctilet\u00e1, kter\u00e1 vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 na voj\u00e1ky, &#8222;jak si hraj\u00ed s na\u0161imi \u017eivoty tak, jak si chlapci hr\u00e1vaj\u00ed s mouchami&#8220;. Ameri\u010dan\u016fm tato &#8222;p\u0159esn\u00e1 pravda&#8220; odhaluje l\u017ei, kter\u00e9 byly udr\u017eov\u00e1ny na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch po 50 let, ale tak\u00e9 v duchu jihoafrick\u00e9 komise &#8222;sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou ob\u00edhat na ve\u0159ejnosti&#8220;. Je na n\u00e1s ostatn\u00edch, abychom zaznamenali &#8222;osobn\u00ed pravdu&#8220; t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili,\u00a0 a prom\u011bnili ji v &#8222;pravdu ozdravuj\u00edc\u00ed&#8220;, v \u017ealozp\u011bv za &#8222;zapomenutou v\u00e1lku&#8220;, kter\u00e1 by kone\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hla usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obou Korej\u00ed, je\u017e je jim up\u00edr\u00e1no od t\u00e9 doby, kdy v srpnu roku 1945 Dean Rusk nakreslil \u010d\u00e1ru soub\u011b\u017enou s 38. rovnob\u011b\u017ekou.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9:\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Jak Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vra\u017edili v Koreji civilisty &#8211; BL, 4.2.2002. Online:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legacy.blisty.cz\/art\/9807.html?fbclid=IwAR3fOcbgoRN_382yLOVmsfCDbudTZIKv_GWJVQ8-Qol1Z_gCINGTPzgLl0I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/legacy.blisty.cz\/art\/9807.html?fbclid=IwAR3fOcbgoRN_382yLOVmsfCDbudTZIKv_GWJVQ8-Qol1Z_gCINGTPzgLl0I<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uml\u010den\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 je jako nevybuchl\u00e1 munice d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 exploduje, kdy\u017e to nejm\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te, a proraz\u00ed na\u0161\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fdm sebeuspokojen\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3087,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3096,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992\/revisions\/3096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}