{"id":993,"date":"2010-12-03T19:11:14","date_gmt":"2010-12-03T18:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/12\/03\/revoluce-na-kub\/"},"modified":"2010-12-03T19:11:14","modified_gmt":"2010-12-03T18:11:14","slug":"revoluce-na-kub","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/12\/03\/revoluce-na-kub\/","title":{"rendered":"Revoluce na Kub\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"kuba\"V d\u016fsledku americko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1898 p\u0159ipadla Kuba Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Form\u00e1ln\u011b m\u011bla Kuba samostatnost, ale byla z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na americk\u00fdch monopolech. <\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V roce 1903 si USA vynutily na Kub\u011b pron\u00e1jem vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Guant\u00e1namo. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem osvobozeneck\u00e9ho z\u00e1pasu kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho lidu bylo zbavit Kubu jej\u00ed potupn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na USA. Tato z\u00e1vislost byla nejt\u00ed\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za dikt\u00e1tora Batisty, kter\u00fd se zmocnil vl\u00e1dy vojensk\u00fdm p\u0159evratem v roce 1952. Batistova vl\u00e1da prov\u00e1d\u011bla neb\u00fdvale krut\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidu, pou\u017e\u00edvala fa\u0161istick\u00e9 metody. Zabila a umu\u010dila asi 20.000 lid\u00ed, potla\u010dovala v\u0161e pokrokov\u00e9. Proti t\u00e9to diktatu\u0159e rostl lidov\u00fd odpor.<\/span> <\/p>\n

Koncem listopadu 1956 se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 82 mu\u017e\u016f pod veden\u00edm Fidela na motorov\u00e9 jacht\u011b Granma tajn\u011b z Mexika a 2.12.1956 p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00ed na jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kuby v provincii Oriente. U\u017e na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 boje s Batistov\u00fdmi odd\u00edly na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Jen 12 hrdin\u016fm se da\u0159\u00ed prchnout do hor Sierra Maestra. Vesni\u010dan\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1lohou partyz\u00e1nsk\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f. Na ho\u0159e La Plata je vybudov\u00e1n \u0161t\u00e1b povstalc\u016f, zde se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdcvik. Za p\u016fldruh\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce od p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed zahajuj\u00ed povstalci partyz\u00e1nskou v\u00e1lku. V r.1957 ji\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edm vojsk\u016fm zna\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1958 ji\u017e ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st provincie Oriente.<\/span> <\/p>\n

Akce partyz\u00e1n\u016f jsou p\u0159\u00edkladem pro revolu\u010dn\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017e. V Havan\u011b je podniknut v b\u0159eznu 1957 pokus o atent\u00e1t na Batistu. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1957 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k povst\u00e1n\u00ed ve m\u011bst\u011b Cienfuegos, kter\u00e9 bylo potla\u010deno jen s velk\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm, za pomoci letectva a n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee nap\u0159. 12 letc\u016f odm\u00edtlo bombardovat povstaleck\u00e9 m\u011bsto a \u0161lo na osm let (p\u016fvodn\u011b) do v\u011bzen\u00ed.<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00a0Na ja\u0159e 1958 podnik\u00e1 Batista svojskem \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159es 10.000 mu\u017e\u016f bojov\u00e9 akce na zni\u010den\u00ed partyz\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo v poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Maestra. Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vojska jsou v\u0161ak odra\u017eena a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zni\u010dena, od\u0159\u00edznuta od zbytku Kuby. Toho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly a pronikaj\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed. Zv\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pozoruhodn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dosahuj\u00ed odd\u00edly Ernesta "Che" Guevary a Camilla Cienfuegose. Tyto dva odd\u00edly se probily a\u017e do provincie Las Villas ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ostrova. V prosinci 1958 tvo\u0159\u00ed osvobozen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 souvisl\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed v cel\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed polovin\u011b Kuby. Batistovy odd\u00edly jsou izolov\u00e1ny ve m\u011bstech.<\/span> <\/p>\n

29.12.1958 se partyz\u00e1ni za pomoc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatelstva zmoc\u0148uj\u00ed Santa Clary, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta provincie Las Villas. Cesta na Havanu je otev\u0159ena. Batista 1.1.1959 prch\u00e1 do Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republiky. 2.1. vstupuj\u00ed povstaleck\u00e1 vojska do Havany obsazuj\u00ed postupn\u011b v\u0161echna m\u00edsta ostrova. Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 revoluce zv\u00edt\u011bzila.<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V d\u016fsledku americko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1898 p\u0159ipadla Kuba Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Form\u00e1ln\u011b m\u011bla Kuba samostatnost, ale byla z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na americk\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[140],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}