{"id":994,"date":"2010-12-03T19:21:54","date_gmt":"2010-12-03T18:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/12\/03\/invaze-v-zatoce-svini\/"},"modified":"2010-12-03T19:21:54","modified_gmt":"2010-12-03T18:21:54","slug":"invaze-v-zatoce-svini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2010\/12\/03\/invaze-v-zatoce-svini\/","title":{"rendered":"Invaze v Z\u00e1toce svin\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"kuba\"Po kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluci je\u0161t\u011b nebylo \u010d\u00e1sti americk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch kruh\u016f jasno, co bude n\u00e1sledovat d\u00e1le. Mnoho z nich si myslelo, \u017ee se vztahy Kuby k USA nezm\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tomu pomohlo i to, \u017ee se na Kub\u011b k moci dostalo pravicov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo revoluce, veden\u00e9 Manuelem Urrutiou, kter\u00fd se stal prezidentem, Jos\u00e9 Mir\u00f3 Cardonou, kter\u00fd se stal p\u0159edsedou vl\u00e1dy a Roberto Agramontem, kter\u00fd se stal ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Proto tak\u00e9 USA uznaly ji\u017e 7.1.1959 novou vl\u00e1du Kuby. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00ed poloviny roku 1959 se v\u0161ak tito lid\u00e9 uk\u00e1zali jako odp\u016frci spole\u010densk\u00fdch p\u0159em\u011bn na Kub\u011b a museli odej\u00edt z vl\u00e1dy. Fidel Castro se stal ministersk\u00fdm p\u0159edsedou a za\u010dal uskute\u010d\u0148ovat rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 reformy jako\u017e i konfiskaci majetku "korup\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a ko\u0159istn\u00edk\u016f". V USA za\u010dalo s\u00edlit vol\u00e1n\u00ed po intervenci. <\/p>\n

K prvn\u00edmu pokusu o vp\u00e1d do\u0161lo ji\u017e v roce 1961. P\u0159edt\u00edm v\u0161ak USA podnikly celou \u0159adu ekonomick\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed: odm\u00edtly kupovat cukr, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159il v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u00fdvozu. Odm\u00edtly d\u00e1vat Kub\u011b naftu, na kter\u00e9 byl z\u00e1visl\u00fd cel\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot. Zastavily dovoz n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f a potravin, zak\u00e1zaly americkou turistiku, kter\u00e1 pro Kubu znamenala ro\u010dn\u011b 50 mili\u00f3n\u016f dolar\u016f zisku. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak nedos\u00e1hla sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. St\u00e1ty v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku p\u0159isp\u011bchaly Kub\u011b na pomoc. Koupily cukr, SSSR dodal naftu a kdy\u017e ji americk\u00e9 podniky na Kub\u011b odm\u00edtly d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1vat, revolu\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1da tyto podniky zn\u00e1rodnila. Kub\u011b byla poskytnuta v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 p\u016fj\u010dka a dal\u0161\u00ed pomoc. Americk\u00e9 kruhy p\u0159i\u0161ly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee jedin\u00e1 cesta je ozbrojen\u00e1 intervence. <\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dala p\u0159ednost arm\u00e1d\u011b odp\u016frc\u016f revoluce. Tito odp\u016frci byli ji\u017e koncem roku 1960 intenz\u00edvn\u011b formov\u00e1ni a cvi\u010deni v USA, Guatemale a Portoriku. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s t\u00edm podnikaj\u00ed USA \u0159adu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed. Na Kub\u011b jsou vysazov\u00e1ni doverzanti (po\u017e\u00e1r obchodn\u00edho domu v Havan\u011b), na Guantan\u00e1mo se vylodil koncem roku 1960 odd\u00edl n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty o s\u00edle 1450 mu\u017e\u016f. V bl\u00edzkosti Kuby prov\u00e1d\u011blo americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo cvi\u010den\u00ed a 3.1.1961 USA p\u0159eru\u0161ily diplomatick\u00e9 styky s Kubou. Z interven\u010dn\u00edch vojsk se tvo\u0159\u00ed brig\u00e1da o s\u00edle 1400 mu\u017e\u016f z \u0161esti prapor\u016f (4 p\u011b\u0161\u00ed, motorizovan\u00fd a v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd, 20 letadel). <\/p>\n

Podle pl\u00e1nu m\u00e1 b\u00fdt proveden v\u00fdsadek na poloostrov\u011b Zapata a m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159eno p\u0159edmost\u00ed. Na n\u011bm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1da Mir\u00f3a Cardony, kter\u00e1 bude uzn\u00e1na vl\u00e1dou USA a dal\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1ty a na jej\u00ed prosbu zas\u00e1hnou vojska USA. Re\u017eim tak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zni\u010den i za pomoci vnit\u0159n\u00edch nep\u0159\u00e1tel.
\u00a0
P\u0159es obrovsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se Kub\u011b da\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b do zah\u00e1jen\u00ed intervence vybudovat bojeschopnou arm\u00e1du. Celkov\u00e9 po\u010dty v\u0161ak nedosahuj\u00ed 10.000 mu\u017e\u016f. Proto je na pomoc arm\u00e1d\u011b vytvo\u0159ena lidov\u00e1 milice, ozbrojen\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch. <\/p>\n

Situace se vyost\u0159uje 8.4.1961. Mir\u00f3 Cardona se obrac\u00ed v rozhlase ke kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu lidu s v\u00fdzvou k povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b jsou jednotky z Nikaragui na \u0161esti lod\u00edch pod vlajkou Lib\u00e9rie dopraveny ke kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdm b\u0159eh\u016fm – pod p\u0159\u00edmou ochranou dvou americk\u00fdch torp\u00e9doborc\u016f a americk\u00e9ho letectva (celkem v oblasti 30 USA plavidel – letadlov\u00e1 lo\u010f Randolf – 100 st\u00edha\u010d\u016f a 3000 mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159iplula dokonce do Guantan\u00e1ma). <\/p>\n

15.4.1961 bombarduj\u00ed letadla kontrarevolucion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed schv\u00e1ln\u011b kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 znaky, leti\u0161t\u011b. Dev\u011bt bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-26 a t\u0159i st\u00edhac\u00ed letouny v\u0161ak nezni\u010dilo kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 letectvo, kter\u00e9 v\u010das letadla rozptyluje. V ned\u011bli 17.4.1961 ve 3 hodiny r\u00e1no je zah\u00e1jena operace v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch vojsk v Z\u00e1toce svin\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b je jen mal\u00e1 hl\u00eddka kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 milice, dva d\u011bln\u00edci a t\u0159i roln\u00edci, vyzbrojen\u00e1 pu\u0161kami a jedn\u00edm kulometem. P\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o interventech a zahajuj\u00ed obranu. V\u0161ichni v boji padli. <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0V 8 hodin r\u00e1no jsou vysazeny i vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdsadky a to na komunikace vedouc\u00ed do vnitrozem\u00ed. Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u0161ak byla p\u0159ipravena. Podle posledn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v z odhalen\u00fdch kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdch arch\u00edv\u016f dokonce Fidel znal i term\u00edn a m\u00edsto vylod\u011bn\u00ed. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pravideln\u00e1 vojska jsou ale a\u017e v Santa Cla\u0159e vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 120 km. Vl\u00e1da vyhla\u0161uje v\u0161eobecnou mobilizaci. V\u0161em ob\u010dan\u016fm je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no opou\u0161t\u011bt bez povolen\u00ed sv\u00e9 podniky, \u00fa\u0159ady a pracovi\u0161t\u011b. Tak jsou kontrarevolucion\u00e1\u0159i pod dozorem. <\/p>\n

Ji\u017e 17.4.1961 se lidov\u00fdm milic\u00edm da\u0159\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit postupu kontrarevolucion\u00e1\u0159\u016f do vnitrozem\u00ed. Da\u0159\u00ed se jim vybojovat na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edmost\u00ed. Revolu\u010dn\u00ed letectvo sest\u0159eluje t\u00e9ho\u017e dne p\u011bt nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch letadel a pot\u00e1p\u00ed polovinu dopravn\u00edch lod\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele. 18.4. p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed vojska do proti\u00fatoku. Do ve\u010dera jsou kontrarevolucion\u00e1\u0159i zatla\u010deni do mal\u00e9ho prostoru na pobb\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a 19.4. jsou zlikvidov\u00e1ni. 82 kontrarevolucin\u00e1\u0159\u016f padlo, p\u0159es 1200 jich bylo zajato. Byly potopeny \u010dty\u0159i lodi, sest\u0159eleno deset letadel, uko\u0159ist\u011bno p\u011bt tank\u016f M-41. Revolu\u010dn\u00ed vojska ztratila 87 mrtv\u00fdch a 250 lid\u00ed bylo zran\u011bno. <\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluci je\u0161t\u011b nebylo \u010d\u00e1sti americk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch kruh\u016f jasno, co bude n\u00e1sledovat d\u00e1le. Mnoho z nich si myslelo, \u017ee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[140],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=994"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}